扎根理论在指导低年资护士照护有自杀倾向患者中的应用

Study in Guiding Junior Nurse in the Care of Patients with Suicidal Tendencies: The Application of Grounded Theory Study

摘要: 目的：探讨扎根理论在指导低年资护士照护有自杀倾向精神患者中的现状，为提升精神科护理服务质量、提高有自杀倾向患者的护理服务满意度提供参考。方法：对22名低年资护士进行半结构式深度访谈，收集低年资护士对精神病患者的认知、感受与需求等相关资料直至资料饱和，采用以扎根理论为基础的质性研究方法析取主题。结果：析出的主题为低年资护士照护有自杀倾向的精神科患者的实体理论，包括四个组成部分：因果关系、情景条件、干预条件、行动互动。每个组成部分可以分成多个条目和子条目。结果是低年资护士思维重构，自杀护理能力有所提升，同时精神病患者生理心理症状改善，接受生活现状，减少自杀念头。结论：扎根理论在低年资护士照护自杀倾向患者的实践中具有重要的应用价值，可引导护理人员根据有自杀倾向的精神病患者的护理诉求，建立有效的护理策略和方法，制订个体化护理服务计划，采取针对性、实用性的干预策略，以减少低年资护士对于照护精神病患者的情绪化行为，提升护理服务质量。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the current situation of grounded theory in guiding junior nurse to care for suicidal psychiatric patients, and to provide reference for improving the quality of psychiatric nursing services and improving the satisfaction of nursing services for suicidal psychiatric patients. Methods: A semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted with 22 junior nurse to collect their cognition, feelings and needs of psychiatric patients until the data was saturated. A qualitative research method based on grounded theory was adopted to extract the theme. Results: The theme was the entity theory of junior nurse caring for suicidal psychiatric patients. It included four components: causality, situational conditions, intervention conditions, and action interaction. Further, each component can be divided into multiple entries and sub-entries. The result was that the thinking mode of junior nurse was reconstructed, the ability of suicide nursing was improved. At the same time, the physiological and psychological symptoms of psychiatric patients were improved, and they accepted the life situation and reduced the suicidal thoughts. Conclusions: Grounded theory can guide nursing staff to make individualized nursing service plan according to the nursing demands of suicidal mental patients. The theory can also adopt targeted and practical intervention strategies, so as to reduce the emotional behavior of junior nurse for nursing mental patients, and improve the quality of nursing services.