帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪“明知”的认定与规范适用

Identification and Standard Application of Helping Information Network Criminal Activity Crime “Knowing”

摘要: 帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪在司法实践中出现了向“口袋罪”发展的趋势，其中一个重要原因在于该罪名的主观构成要件界定不够清晰。这主要表现为理论和实务界扩张解释“明知”的可能性、概括性地推定“明知”以及简单入罪后反推“明知”。这种扩张性的司法适用不仅容易导致将其与关联犯罪的共犯情形相混淆，而且还与“罪刑法定”的刑事司法原则相违背。为了更好地发挥本罪的立法功能和法益保护的初衷，应当从合理限缩“明知”的角度出发，合理运用“明知”证明规则，严格“明知”的推定方法。同时，通过对同类犯罪的比较分析，进一步规范本罪的适用范围。

Abstract: In judicial practice, the crime of assisting information network crime has developed into a “pocket crime”, one of the important reasons is that the subjective elements of the crime are not clearly defined. This is mainly manifested in the theory and practice of expanding the interpretation of the possibility of “knowing”, generalizing the presumption of “knowing” and simply reverting “knowing” after the crime. This kind of expansive judicial application not only easily leads to confusion with the accomplice of related crimes, but also violates the criminal justice principle of “legal punishment for crime”. In order to better play the legislative function of this crime and the original intention of legal interest protection, we should start from the Angle of reasonable limitation of “knowing”, reasonable use of “knowing” proof rule and strict “knowing” presumption method. At the same time, through the comparative analysis of similar crimes, the scope of application of this crime is further regulated.