老年慢性心力衰竭患者睡眠障碍影响因素的质性研究

A Qualitative Study of Factors Influencing Sleep Disorders in Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

摘要: 目的：探讨老年慢性心力衰竭患者睡眠障碍的影响因素，为针对性干预提供参考依据。方法：采用现象学研究方法，于2023年10月~11月选取在广西某三级甲等医院12例老年慢性心力衰竭患者进行半结构式深入访谈，根据Colaizzi的7步分析法对资料进行整理分析。结果：共提炼出4个主题9个亚主题，分别为疾病因素(呼吸困难、夜尿增多)；心理因素(孤独感、焦虑抑郁感、自我应对能力不足)；社会环境因素(睡眠环境的改变、缺乏情感及社会支持)；其他因素(药物副作用的影响、不良的睡眠习惯)。结论：为了降低老年慢性心力衰竭患者睡眠障碍的发生率，医护人员应加强患者疾病的管理，进行心理疏导，强化家庭和社会支持，以提高病人的睡眠质量。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the influencing factors of sleep disorders in elderly patients with chronic heart failure and provide reference basis for targeted intervention. Methods: Using phenomenological research methods, 12 cases of elderly chronic heart failure patients in a tertiary-level hospital in Guangxi were selected for semi-structured in-depth interviews in October-November 2023, and the data were collated and analysed according to Colaizzi’s 7-step analysis method. Results: A total of 4 themes and 9 sub-themes were distilled, which were disease factors (dyspnoea, increased nocturia); psychological factors (loneliness, feelings of anxiety and depression, and lack of self-coping skills); socio-environmental factors (changes in the sleep environment, and lack of emotional and social support); and other factors (the effects of medication side-effects, and poor sleep habits). Conclusion: In order to reduce the incidence of sleep disorders in elderly patients with chronic heart failure, healthcare professionals should strengthen the management of patients’ diseases, provide psychological counselling, and strengthen family and social support in order to improve patients’ sleep quality.