供给侧改革背景下人力资本配置对区域经济发展的影响研究

The Impact of Human Capital Allocation on Regional Economic Development under the Context of Supply-Side Structural Reform

摘要: 在供给侧结构性改革背景下，研究人力资本配置对区域经济发展的影响至关重要。基于2003~2021年全国地级市面板数据，本文采用柯布道格拉斯生产函数框架和GMM动态面板模型，探讨了人力资本配置与区域经济增长之间的动态关系。研究结果表明：(1) 区域经济增长具有显著的动态依赖性，即上一期经济增长对当前经济增长具有很强的正向影响。人力资本配置的增加显著推动了区域经济增长，尽管影响系数较小，但长期效果显著。(2) 稳健性检验进一步验证了人力资本配置对经济增长的正向影响。(3) 异质性分析表明，东部地区的人力资本配置对经济增长的推动作用显著，而中部和西部地区的影响较弱，反映了区域经济结构和资源配置的不均衡对人力资本效应的显著影响。本文为优化人力资本配置和推动区域经济均衡发展提供了理论支持，并提出了相关的政策建议。

Abstract: In the framework of supply-side structural reform, examining the effects of human capital allocation on regional economic growth is essential. Based on panel data from China’s prefecture-level cities spanning 2003 to 2021, this study utilizes the Cobb-Douglas production function framework alongside the GMM dynamic panel model to investigate the dynamic relationship between human capital allocation and regional economic development. The findings reveal that: (1) Regional economic growth exhibits significant dynamic dependence, with past economic growth having a strong positive effect on current economic growth. Although the coefficient of human capital allocation is relatively small, it significantly drives regional economic growth in the long term. (2) Robustness checks further confirm the positive impact of human capital allocation on economic growth. (3) The heterogeneity analysis reveals that human capital allocation has a more significant impact on economic growth in the eastern region, whereas its influence is less pronounced in the central and western regions, highlighting the substantial role of regional economic structure and imbalances in resource allocation on the effectiveness of human capital. This research offers a theoretical foundation for improving human capital allocation and promoting balanced regional economic development, and offers corresponding policy recommendations.