考虑体力消耗的三维超高层建筑疏散模型研究

Research on Three-Dimensional Super High-Rise Building Evacuation Modeling Considering Physical Exertion

摘要: 本文针对超高层建筑应急疏散问题，提出了一种考虑长距离楼梯疏散过程中个体体力消耗对移动速度动态影响的三维超高层建筑楼梯疏散模型。模型融合静态场理论和元胞自动机方法模拟个体的疏散行为，通过时间步长改变个体疏散速度实现体力消耗，进行超高层建筑楼梯间的三维建模。为验证模型的可靠性，与现有仿真软件Pathfinder进行多次对比，相同场景下，不考虑体力消耗的模型与Pathfinder模型的模拟效果相符，验证了模型的准确性。箱型图显示体力消耗模型的模拟具有稳定性。同时，时间序列分析显示，Pathfinder模型下疏散时间与疏散人数呈现简单线性关系，而体力消耗模型下则表现出更为复杂的关系，与实际情况相符，可以进行更为真实合理的模拟仿真。

Abstract: Aiming at the current problem of evacuation of super high-rise buildings in emergencies, this paper proposes a novel three-dimensional evacuation model. In particular, the model takes into account the physical exertion of an individual due to continuous movement during a long-distance evacuation, and how this exertion dynamically affects the individual’s speed of movement. To accurately simulate the evacuation behavior of individuals, we adopt a technique that combines static field theory and meta-cellular automata methods, and the effective integration of these two methods can more realistically reflect the complex dynamics of crowd evacuation. In the model, we simulate the speed change of individuals during evacuation by adjusting the time step to reflect the effect of physical exertion on evacuation speed. We performed detailed 3D modeling of stairwells in ultra-high-rise buildings to ensure that the models accurately reflect evacuation in a realistic environment. To ensure the reliability of the proposed model, we conducted several comparison experiments with the existing simulation software Pathfinder. In the same evacuation scenario setup, we found that the model without considering physical exertion is highly consistent with the simulation results of Pathfinder, which proves the accuracy of our model in simulation. By analyzing the box plots, we can see that the model considering physical exertion shows good stability in multiple simulations. Further time series analyses revealed differences between the two models in the relationship between evacuation time and number of evacuees. While the Pathfinder model shows a simple linear relationship, our physical exertion model shows a more complex relationship, which is more in line with the actual situation, allowing for a more realistic and rational evacuation simulation.