不同微生物菌剂对烤烟生长发育及根际微生物群落调控的影响研究

Effects of Different Microbial Agents on the Growth and Development of Flue-Cured Tobacco and the Regulation of Rhizosphere Microbial Community

摘要: 目的：为探讨市面上微生物菌剂对烤烟的生长发育、土壤理化性质、根际微生物群落及烤烟化学成分的影响。方法：选取三类代表性微生物菌剂作为比较试验，喷施于云烟87、云烟301以及正常施肥对照组。结果：研究结果表明；1) 微生物菌剂对烤烟不同时期的农艺性状表现为团颗期播可润效果较好，平顶期则为三矩灌金液效果较好。2) 微生物菌剂可改善烟田土壤理化性质，喷施三矩灌金液显著提高了土壤解碱氮、速效磷以及有机质含量，而喷施播可润促进速效钾含量，且微生物菌剂对pH均无显著影响。3) 由Alpha多样性分析和相关指数表明，施用微生物菌剂提升了烤烟根际环境群落物种的丰度和多样性。4) 增施微生物菌剂能有效提升烤后烟叶品质，降低烟碱含量，同时提高还原糖与总糖的含量，从而促进烟叶经济效益的提升。结论：综合来看，对比三种类微生物菌剂，三矩灌金液对烟株生长发育、土壤理化性质、根际微生物群落及化学成分的影响优于播可润，而台丰一号的效果则不明显。

Abstract: Objective: This paper aims to investigate the effects of commercial microbial agents on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, soil physicochemical properties, rhizosphere microbial community and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco. Method: Three representative microbial agents were selected as comparative tests and sprayed on Yunyan 87, Yunyan 301 and normal fertilization control group. Result: The results show that: 1) The agronomic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in different periods showed that the effect of microbial Bokerun was better in the clumping stage, and the Sanju Guanjinye effect was better in the flat top stage. 2) Microbial agents could improve the physical and chemical properties of tobacco field soil. Spraying with the Sanju Guanjinye irrigation liquid significantly increased the content of alkali soluble nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter in soil, while spraying microbial Bokerun promoted the content of available potassium, and the microbial agents had no significant effects in pH. 3) The Alpha diversity analysis and related indices showed that the application of microbial agent improved the abundance and diversity of species in the rhizosphere environmental community of flue-cured tobacco. 4) The application of microbial agent could effectively improve the quality of cured tobacco leaves, reduce the nicotine content, and increase the reducing sugar and total sugar content at the same time, thus promoting the improvement of economic benefits of tobacco leaves. Conclusion: In summary, compared with the three kinds of microbial agents, the effects of the Sanju Guanjinye liquid on the growth and development of tobacco plants, soil physicochemical properties, rhizosphere microbial community and chemical composition were better than that of Bokerun, but the effect of Taifeng No. 1 was not obvious.