未成熟性畸胎瘤2例病例报道并文献复习

Two Case Reports of Immature Teratoma and Literature Review

摘要: 目的：本文旨在探讨未成熟性畸胎瘤的临床表现、鉴别诊断及病理诊断要点。方法：对大理大学第一附属医院病理科诊断的2例未成熟性畸胎瘤患者的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析，同时进行相关文献复习。结果：未成熟性畸胎瘤是一种含有未成熟和数量不等的成熟组织的畸胎瘤，多发生于儿童和年轻女性，发病率在卵巢畸胎瘤中占3%，容易漏诊，最终诊断需要靠手术及石蜡病理检查。结论：未成熟性畸胎瘤缺乏特异的临床变现，影像学和实验室检查对于疾病诊断有一定帮助，明确诊断需要手术切除加石蜡病理，术中冰冻及术后标本多取材有助于避免疾病漏诊率的发生，手术加术后化疗为首选的治疗方法。

Abstract: Objective: This article aims to explore the clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, and pathological diagnostic points of immature teratoma. Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and pathological data of two patients with immature teratoma diagnosed by the Pathology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, and relevant literature review was also conducted. Results: Immature teratoma is a kind of teratoma that contains immature and varying amounts of mature tissue. It mostly occurs in children and young women. The incidence rate of ovarian teratoma accounts for 3%, which is easy to miss diagnosis. The final diagnosis needs surgery and paraffin pathological examination. Conclusion: Immature teratoma lacks specific clinical manifestations, and imaging and laboratory examinations are helpful for disease diagnosis. Clear diagnosis requires surgical resection and paraffin pathology. Intraoperative freezing and postoperative specimen collection can help avoid missed diagnosis rates. Surgery combined with postoperative chemotherapy is the preferred treatment method.