黑尔的康德与功利主义伦理学相容论观点研究

An Understanding of Hale’s Compatibilist View of Kant and Utilitarian Ethics

摘要: 英国伦理学家黑尔提出了关于康德义务论伦理学与功利主义伦理学是否可以相容的问题，他认为康德义务论伦理学与功利主义在形式和规范层面都有共同的特点，因而二者有相容的可能性。与黑尔不同的是，本研究认为，康德义务论伦理学与功利主义伦理学本就是不同的伦理学，康德本就不是也不应是功利主义者，两者虽在纯粹伦理学层面具有“理性主义、规范主义、普遍主义”的特点，但其内涵却不一致。但是，这并不意味着康德与功利主义必须站在对立的两极，即便各有独立的理论内涵，仍不妨碍二者具有相容的可能性。

Abstract: The United Kingdom ethicist Hale raised the question of whether Kantian deontological ethics and utilitarian ethics were compatible, arguing that Kantian deontological ethics and utilitarianism have common characteristics at both formal and normative levels, so they have the possibility of compatibility. Unlike Hale, this study argues that Kant’s deontological ethics and utilitarian ethics are different ethics, and Kant is not and should not be utilitarian, although the two have the characteristics of “rationalism, normativism, and universalism” at the level of pure ethics, their connotations are inconsistent. However, this does not mean that Kant and utilitarianism must stand at opposite poles, and even if they have independent theoretical connotations, it still does not prevent the possibility of compatibility between the two.