基于气一元论探析甲状腺结节的发病机制及治疗思路

Analysis of Pathogenesis and Treatment of Thyroid Nodule Based on Qi Monism

摘要: 甲状腺结节是一种常见的内分泌系统疾病，以良性结节更为多见。部分良性结节患者无明显不适症状，常见颈部肿胀、颈前区异物感、咽部阻塞感，通常都比较轻微，不易被重视。近年来，随着人们生活压力渐增以及临床诊疗技术的进步，甲状腺结节发病率与检出率均有所提高。中医将该病归属于瘿病、瘿瘤范畴，对其病因机制认识历史悠久。气一元论认为，气是构成世界万物的本原，也是构成人体和维持生命活动的基本物质。气的运动，称为气机，气运动产生的变化称为气化，甲状腺结节的发病机制与气化功能障碍和气机失调密切相关。现阶段西医针对本病尚未研发出特效疗法，主要是定期进行随访观察，某些特殊情况下实施药物及手术治疗，虽能取得一定疗效，但存在功能减退、组织破坏等风险，还极有可能带来一系列不良反应。而中医在治疗瘿类病方面治疗经验丰富，治疗方法独特而多样，在缩小结节体积、减轻临床症状等方面均取得了较为可观的疗效，且不良反应也较少，兼具有效性和安全性。

Abstract: Thyroid nodules are a common endocrine system disease, and benign nodules are more common. Some patients with benign nodules have no obvious discomfort symptoms, common neck swelling, foreign body sensation in the anterior neck area, and pharyngeal obstruction, which are usually relatively mild and not easy to pay attention to. In recent years, with the increasing pressure on people’s lives and the progress of clinical diagnosis and treatment technology, the incidence and detection rates of thyroid nodules have increased. The disease belongs to the category of gall disease and gall tumor in traditional Chinese medicine, and its etiological mechanism has been known for a long time. Qi monism holds that qi is the origin of all things in the world, and it is also the basic material that constitutes the human body and sustains life activities. The movement of qi is called qi machine, and the changes produced by qi machine are called gasification. The pathogenesis of thyroid nodules is closely related to the dysfunction of gasification and qi machine. At present, Western medicine has not developed specific therapies for this disease, mainly regular follow-up observation, in some special cases, the implementation of drugs and surgical treatment. Although it can achieve a certain effect, there is a risk of functional decline and tissue destruction, which is very likely to bring a series of adverse reactions. However, Chinese medicine has rich experience in the treatment of gall diseases, unique and diverse treatment methods, and has achieved considerable efficacy in reducing the volume of nodules and alleviating clinical symptoms, with fewer adverse reactions, both effective and safe.