3114例人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染现状及亚型分布特征分析

Analysis of the Current Status and Subtype Distribution Characteristics of 3114 Cases of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection

摘要: 目的：探究本院3114例女性人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染情况、基因型分布及年龄分布特点。方法：收集2023年2月至2024年9月于昭通市第二人民医院进行HPV就诊患者3114例，纳入受检者年龄为17~83岁，患者平均年龄为39.71 ± 11.91岁。按照年龄段共分为6组：<20岁、21~30岁、31~40岁、41~50岁、51~60岁以及>60岁。进行HPV基因分型检测检查，统计分析研究对象的HPV感染情况、多重感染情况、基因型分布、年龄分布特点，采用SPSS 29.0统计学软件进行数据分析，比较采用χ²检验，以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果：1) 3114例受检者中HPV阳性感染者有633例，患者阳性感染率为20.33%，感染率位于前5位的亚型分别为HPV-52、HPV-16、HPV-58、HPV-81、HPV-53；HPV感染类型以单一感染和双重感染者为主，分别占72.99%和19.59%。2) HPV感染基因型的分布特点：以高危型为主，占75.34%；高危型以HPV-52、HPV-16、HPV-58为主，分别为17.92%、11.53%、10.05%；中危型以HPV-58 (6.05%)占比最高；低危型以HPV-81 (7.19%)占比最高。3) 不同年龄组HPV亚型感染分布特点：不同年龄组HPV亚型感染率差异有统计学意义(χ² = 90.525, P < 0.05)，其中≤20岁年龄段人群(43.64%)与>60岁年龄段人群(57.43%)的阳性率较高；HPV亚型感染率年龄分组具有两个感染峰呈“U”字型分布(≤20岁，43.64%；21岁~30岁，25.53%；31岁~40岁，24.25%；41岁~50岁，25.19%；51岁~60岁，34.32%，>60岁，57.43%)。结论：昭通地区女性HPV感染以HPV-52、HPV-16、HPV-58为主，且具有明显的年龄分布特征，其中<20岁年龄段人群与>60岁年龄段人群的阳性率较高，建议加大对本地区女性的HPV筛查力度，了解其感染情况及亚型分布、HPV感染的高危因素，对本地区女性宫颈癌的防治以及寻找适合当地女性的HPV疫苗具有一定的参考价值。

Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the infection status, genotype distribution, and age distribution characteristics of human papillavirus (HPV) among 3114 female patients in our hospital. Methods: A total of 3114 patients who visited the Zhaotong Second People’s Hospital from February 2023 to September 2024 were collected. The age range of the subjects was 1~83 years, with an average age of 39.71 ± 11.91 years. The patients were divided into 6 groups according to their age: <20 years, 21~30 years, 31~40 years, 41~50 years, 51~60 years, and >60 years. HPV genotyping tests were conducted, and the infection status, multiple infections, genotype distribution, and distribution characteristics of the subjects were analyzed. SPSS 29.0 statistical software was used for data analysis, with χ² test for comparison, and P < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results: 1) Among the 3114 subjects, 633 were positive for HPV, with positive rate of 20.33%. The top 5 subtypes with the highest infection rates were HPV-52, HPV-16, HPV58, HPV-81, and HPV-53. The HPV infection types were mainly single and double infections, accounting for 72.9% and 19.59%, respectively. 2) Characteristics of the HPV genotype distribution: High-risk types were dominant, accounting for 75.34%. The high-risk types were mainly HPV-52, HPV-16, and HPV-58, accounting for 17.92%, 11.53%, and 10.05%, respectively. Among the medium-risk types, HPV-58 had the highest proportion at 6.05%; among the low-risk types, HPV-81 had the highest proportion at 7.19%. 3) Characteristics of HPV infections in different age groups: There were significant differences in the infection rates of different HPV subtypes among different age groups (χ² = 90.525, P < 0.05). The highest positive rates were found in the ≤20 years (43.64%) and >60 years 57.43%) age groups. The age distribution of HPV subtype infections showed a “U” shape with two peaks (≤20 years, 43.64%; 21~30 years, 25.53%; 31~40 years, 24.25%; 41~50 years, 25.19%; 51~60 years, 34.32%; >60 years, 57.43%). Conclusion: The HPV infection in women in Zhaotong area is mainly characterized by HPV-52, HPV-16, and HPV-8, with a significant age distribution feature. The positivity rate is higher among women aged <20 and >60 years. It is recommended to increase the screening efforts for women in this area to understand their infection status and subtype distribution, and to identify the high-risk factors of HPV infection. This would be valuable for prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in women in this area, as well as for finding suitable HPV vaccines for local women.