青岛市生态空间规划设计研究——基于GIS的生态敏感性评价与分析

Research on the Ecological Space Planning and Design of Qingdao City—Ecological Sensitivity Evaluation and Analysis Based on GIS

摘要: 本文运用地理信息系统(GIS)和层次分析法(AHP)对青岛市的生态敏感性进行了综合评价。通过收集和分析高程、坡度、水域缓冲区、植被覆盖度和土地利用类型等数据，构建了生态敏感性评估指标体系，并确定了各评价因子的权重。结果表明，将研究区分为不敏感、轻度敏感、中度敏感、高度敏感、极度敏感5个等级，各区域面积占比分别为9.34%、12.03%、46.48%、23.71%、8.43%；中度敏感区和高度敏感区占据主导地位，合计占比高达70.19%，表明青岛市的生态环境敏感程度整体较高；青岛市的高度敏感区和极度敏感区，主要集中在地势较高、地形复杂、植被覆盖度高的地区，这些区域综合生态环境敏感性较强，需要特别关注。研究结果揭示了青岛市生态敏感性的空间分布特征，为生态环境保护和管理提供了决策支持。本研究对进一步推动青岛市可持续发展具有重要意义。

Abstract: In this paper, geographic information system (GIS) and analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were used to evaluate the ecological sensitivity of Qingdao. By collecting and analyzing the data of elevation, slope, water area buffer, vegetation coverage and land use type, the ecological sensitivity assessment index system was established, and the weight of each evaluation factor was determined. The results showed that the study was divided into five grades: insensitive, mildly sensitive, moderately sensitive, highly sensitive and extremely sensitive, and the proportion of each area was 9.34%, 12.03%, 46.48%, 23.71% and 8.43%, respectively. Medium-sensitive areas and high-sensitive areas were dominant, accounting for 70.19%, indicating that the ecological environment sensitivity of Qingdao was relatively high. The highly sensitive and extremely sensitive areas in Qingdao are mainly concentrated in the areas with high terrain, complex terrain and high vegetation coverage. These areas are more sensitive to comprehensive ecological environment and need special attention. The results reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of ecological sensitivity in Qingdao, and provide decision support for ecological environment protection and management. This study is of great significance to further promote the sustainable development of Qingdao.