郑州市土地利用变化分析

Analysis of Land Use Change in Zhengzhou

摘要: 采用郑州市2000年~2020年四期遥感影像数据源，通过ENVI软件进行预处理、监督分类解译得到土地利用类型图，利用ArcGIS软件进行面积制表并计算转移矩阵，得到郑州市近二十年土地利用类型相互转化情况，以耕地占比最高且减少、而建筑用地以及林地增多为特征。通过统计各部分地类的面积，分析2000年~2020年间郑州市各部分土地利用类型的变化情况，结果显示：(1) 2000年~2020年期间，郑州市研究区域的建筑用地面积显著增长，说明前期的工程投入很大；耕地使用面积显著下降，草地面积次之，未利用地面积下降相对前两者较小；而水域面积则显示出现减少后少量增加，但是总体看来，水域面积仍是减少的。这也就说明，在城镇的开发进程中，占用的耕地最多，但后期开始意识到生态系统的重要性并采取相应措施。(2) 林地面积有明显增加，表明郑州市注重了林地保护，强化土地征用和土地征收，严禁砍伐和违法使用，尽量减少各项建设项目对林地的占用，要大力发展低效率的林地资源，要加快耕地的恢复和疏林建设，要使林地资源得到有效的开发，充分发挥林地的生态效益。郑州市2000年~2020年期间的主要驱动因子为政策、人口、社会、工业结构等因子，这些尤其是造成耕地减少、建筑用地以及林地增加的主要因素。

Abstract: Using the four phase remote sensing image data sources of Zhengzhou from 2000 to 2020, the land use type map is obtained by preprocessing and supervised classification interpretation through ENVI software. The area is tabulated and the transfer matrix is calculated by ArcGIS software. The mutual transformation of land use types in Zhengzhou in recent 20 years is obtained, which is characterized by the highest and decreasing proportion of cultivated land and the increase of construction land and forest land. By counting the area of each part of the land type, this paper analyzes the changes of land use types in each part of Zhengzhou from 2000 to 2020. The results show that: (1) during 2000 to 2020, the area of construction land in the research area of Zhengzhou increased significantly, indicating that the project investment in the early stage is very large; the area of cultivated land decreased significantly, followed by the area of grassland, and the area of unused land decreased less than the first two; the water area shows a small increase after the decrease, but on the whole, the water area is still decreasing. This shows that in the process of urban development, the most cultivated land is occupied, but in the later stage, we began to realize the importance of ecosystem and take corresponding measures. (2) The area of forest land has increased significantly, indicating that Zhengzhou has paid attention to forest land protection, strengthened land acquisition and land expropriation, strictly prohibited logging and illegal use, minimized the occupation of forest land by various construction projects, vigorously developed inefficient forest land resources, accelerated the restoration of cultivated land and sparse forest construction, effectively developed forest land resources and gave full play to the ecological benefits of forest land. The main driving factors of Zhengzhou from 2000 to 2020 are policy, population, society, industrial structure and other factors, especially the main factors causing the reduction of cultivated land, the increase of construction land and forest land.