基于人工智能水平中介效应的政府补贴对劳动力需求的影响

The Impact of Government Subsidies on Labor Demand Based on the Mediating Effect of Artificial Intelligence Level

摘要: 在全球经济增长放缓的背景下，就业难题日益凸显，成为社会广泛关注的热点。为应对这一挑战，政府采取了多方面举措，包括推动社会整体发展、制定并实施相关法律法规，以及提供补贴等，以期有效促进就业。近年来，国家大力推进科技创新和产业升级，政府通过补贴政策激励企业加大技术研发和应用，尤其是在人工智能领域的投入。基于当前经济环境，本文利用了2011~2022年间中国A股上市公司的数据资料，通过构建OLS (最小二乘法)面板数据模型进行了深入的实证分析。研究结果显示，政府提供的补贴对企业的劳动力需求有显著的促进作用，并且这种补贴还通过提高人工智能技术的应用水平，进一步增强了企业对劳动力的需求。此外，通过异质性分析我们观察到，相较于非国有企业和非劳动密集型企业，政府补贴在促进国有企业和劳动密集型企业劳动力需求方面的效果更为突出。

Abstract: In the context of the slowdown in global economic growth, the employment problem has become increasingly prominent and has become a hot spot of widespread concern in the society. In response to this challenge, the government has taken a number of measures, including promoting the development of society as a whole, enacting and enforcing relevant laws and regulations, and providing subsidies to effectively promote employment. In recent years, the state has vigorously promoted scientific and technological innovation and industrial upgrading, and the government has encouraged enterprises to increase investment in technology research and development and application through subsidy policies, especially in the field of artificial intelligence. Based on the current economic environment, this paper uses the data of China’s A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2022, and conducts an in-depth empirical analysis by constructing an OLS (least squares method) panel data model. The results show that the subsidies provided by the government have a significant effect on the labor demand of enterprises, and this subsidy also further enhances the labor demand of enterprises by improving the application level of artificial intelligence technology. In addition, through heterogeneity analysis, we observe that government subsidies are more effective in promoting labor demand in state-owned enterprises and labor-intensive enterprises than non-state-owned enterprises and non-labor-intensive enterprises.