历史文献、考古材料与科技检测证据在历史研究中的证据力问题

The Issue of Evidence Strength in Historical Research of Historical Documents, Archaeological Materials, and Technological Testing Evidence

摘要: 20世纪初，王国维先生避居日本时提出了“二重证明法”，把古史研究的视角从传统的历史文献引到了地下材料。随着考古材料的日益增加，科技检测手段在历史研究中扮演越来越重要的角色。口传史料、图像材料也是现代学者考证的领域。在多重证据面前，需要从证据力的角度理顺这些材料之间的关系。多重证据并没有改变书证、物证在历史研究中的基本形态。在证据力的问题上，取决于哪些证据能构成证据链条并且相互印证了历史的主要事实。科技检测证据具有高度盖然性，不可单独使用。

Abstract: In the early 20th century, When Wang Guowei living in Japan, raised “Double Evidence” and paid attention to archaeological materials from historical documents. With the increasing of archaeological materials, Means of detection technology play an increasingly important role in the study of ancient history. Modern scholars also pay attention to the legend of historical materials and image materials. In the face of multi-evidence, we should look at this issue from the evidentiary weight. It is not difficult to find, Multiple evidence does not change the basic form between documentary evidence and material evidence. On the issue of evidentiary weight, it depends on which evidence constituting the chain of evidence and the main facts of history. The Science and technology test results. Technology testing results with a high degree of probability can not be used as the basis for judicial decisions alone.