代谢综合征与肾结石的临床研究进展
Advances in Clinical Research on Metabolic Syndrome and Renal Calculi
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2025.151094, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 谢飞鸿：重庆医科大学第一临床学院，重庆；杨宗珂*：重庆医科大学第一临床学院，重庆；垫江县人民医院泌尿外科，重庆
关键词: 肾结石；代谢综合征；相关性；Renal Calculi； Metabolic Syndrome； Relevance
摘要: 代谢综合征(Metabolic Syndrome, MS)和肾结石(Renal Calculi)是当今全球范围内常见的疾病。两者均可引发严重的并发症，显著影响患者的生存质量。MS的组成包括高血压、腹型肥胖、糖尿病、高甘油三酯血症和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症。患MS组分的数量越多，肾结石发生的风险越大。然而，两者之间的病理生理机制尚未明确。本文将探讨MS各个组分对肾结石形成的影响，以明确MS作为肾结石危险因素的研究现状，并为肾结石的预防与治疗提供新的思路和干预方法。
Abstract: Metabolic Syndrome and Renal Calculi are prevalent health conditions globally, which can lead to severe complications and significantly impair patients’ quality of life. MS is characterized by a constellation of factors including hypertension, abdominal obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, and low high-density lipoprotein Cholesterol. An increasing number of MS components are associated with a heightened risk of renal calculi formation. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between the two conditions remain to be fully elucidated. This article aims to explore the impact of each component of MS on the formation of renal calculi, to clarify the current state of research regarding MS as a risk factor for renal calculi, and to provide novel insights and intervention methods for the prevention and treatment of renal calculi.
文章引用：谢飞鸿, 杨宗珂. 代谢综合征与肾结石的临床研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2025, 15(1): 698-705. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2025.151094

参考文献

[1] Zeng, G., Mai, Z., Xia, S., Wang, Z., Zhang, K., Wang, L., et al. (2017) Prevalence of Kidney Stones in China: An Ultrasonography Based Cross‐Sectional Study. BJU International, 120, 109-116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Yao, F., Bo, Y., Zhao, L., Li, Y., Ju, L., Fang, H., et al. (2021) Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Adults in China from 2015 to 2017. Nutrients, 13, Article 4475. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] Qiu, F., Xu, Y., Ji, X., Pu, J., Zhou, J. and Huang, Y. (2021) Incidence and Correlation of Metabolic Syndrome and Kidney Stones in a Healthy Screening Population. Translational Andrology and Urology, 10, 3646-3655. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4] Chang, C., Ke, H., Lee, J., Lee, Y., Jhan, J., Wang, H., et al. (2021) Metabolic Syndrome Increases the Risk of Kidney Stone Disease: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Cohort Study. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 11, Article 1154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Park, M.C., Yoon, J.H., Park, S., Kim, S.C., Park, S., Moon, K.H., et al. (2022) Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on Renal Stone Progression. World Journal of Urology, 40, 1845-1851. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[6] Cupisti, A., Meola, M., D’Alessandro, C., Bernabini, G., Pasquali, E., Carpi, A., et al. (2007) Insulin Resistance and Low Urinary Citrate Excretion in Calcium Stone Formers. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 61, 86-90. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Ichikawa, J., Okada, A., Taguchi, K., Fujii, Y., Zuo, L., Niimi, K., et al. (2013) Increased Crystal-Cell Interaction in Vitro under Co-Culture of Renal Tubular Cells and Adipocytes by in vitro Co-Culture Paracrine Systems Simulating Metabolic Syndrome. Urolithiasis, 42, 17-28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[8] 黎承杨, 王扬, 邓耀良. 炎症反应与肾结石形成关系研究进展[J]. 临床泌尿外科杂志, 2015, 30(12): 1150-1153.
[9] 黎汝楣, 胡仁明. 代谢性炎症综合征发病机制的研究进展[J]. 复旦学报(医学版), 2017, 44(3): 380-384.
[10] Tibblin, G. (1965) A Population Study of 50‐Year‐Old Men: An Analysis of the Non-Participation Group. Acta Medica Scandinavica, 178, 453-459. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] Shang, W., Li, Y., Ren, Y., Yang, Y., Li, H. and Dong, J. (2017) Nephrolithiasis and Risk of Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. BMC Nephrology, 18, Article No. 344. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[12] Fan, X., Kalim, S., Ye, W., Zhao, S., Ma, J., Nigwekar, S.U., et al. (2017) Urinary Stone Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in a Rural Chinese Population. Kidney International Reports, 2, 1042-1049. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13] Wang, W., Fan, J., Huang, G., Li, J., Zhu, X., Tian, Y., et al. (2017) Prevalence of Kidney Stones in Mainland China: A Systematic Review. Scientific Reports, 7, Article No. 41630. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Lin, B., Lin, M., Huang, R., Hong, Y., Lin, B. and He, X. (2020) Dietary and Lifestyle Factors for Primary Prevention of Nephrolithiasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Nephrology, 21, Article No. 267. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] 靳潇潇, 何文强. 含钙肾结石与骨密度之间关系的研究现状[J]. 中国骨质疏松杂志, 2021, 27(2): 303-307.
[16] NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) (2024) Worldwide Trends in Underweight and Obesity from 1990 to 2022: A Pooled Analysis of 3663 Population-Representative Studies with 222 Million Children, Adolescents, and Adults. The Lancet, 403, 1027-1050. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[17] Scales, C.D., Smith, A.C., Hanley, J.M. and Saigal, C.S. (2012) Prevalence of Kidney Stones in the United States. European Urology, 62, 160-165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Boyd, C., Whitaker, D., Ashorobi, O., Poore, W., Oster, R., Knight, J., et al. (2019) MP08-05 Impact of Demographic Factors and Systemic Disease on Urinary Stone Risk Parameters amongst Stone Formers. Journal of Urology, 201, e100. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[19] Maalouf, N.M., Sakhaee, K., Parks, J.H., Coe, F.L., Adams-Huet, B. and Pak, C.Y.C. (2004) Association of Urinary Ph with Body Weight in Nephrolithiasis. Kidney International, 65, 1422-1425. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Kadlec, A.O., Greco, K., Fridirici, Z.C., Hart, S.T., Vellos, T. and Turk, T.M. (2012) Metabolic Syndrome and Urinary Stone Composition: What Factors Matter Most? Urology, 80, 805-810. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Aune, D., Mahamat-Saleh, Y., Norat, T. and Riboli, E. (2018) Body Fatness, Diabetes, Physical Activity and Risk of Kidney Stones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. European Journal of Epidemiology, 33, 1033-1047. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Kang, H.W., Seo, S.P., Kim, W.T., Kim, Y., Yun, S., Kim, W., et al. (2017) Metabolic Characteristics and Risks Associated with Stone Recurrence in Korean Young Adult Stone Patients. Journal of Endourology, 31, 806-811. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Strohmaier, W.L., Wrobel, B.M. and Schubert, G. (2011) Overweight, Insulin Resistance and Blood Pressure (Parameters of the Metabolic Syndrome) in Uric Acid Urolithiasis. Urological Research, 40, 171-175. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] 徐宏博, 魏雪栋, 胡林昆, 等. 内脏脂肪面积与尿酸结石形成的相关性研究[J]. 中华泌尿外科杂志, 2019, 40(2): 105-110.
[25] Ye, Z., Wu, C., Xiong, Y., Zhang, F., Luo, J., Xu, L., et al. (2023) Obesity, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Risk of Kidney Stone Disease: A National Cross-Sectional Study. The Aging Male, 26, Article 2195932. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Choi, C., Kim, J.K., Han, K., Lee, Y.G. and Han, J.H. (2022) Effect of Obesity and Metabolic Health on Urolithiasis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Investigative and Clinical Urology, 63, 63-70. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Ronti, T., Lupattelli, G. and Mannarino, E. (2006) The Endocrine Function of Adipose Tissue: An Update. Clinical Endocrinology, 64, 355-365. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[28] Ouchi, N., Kihara, S., Arita, Y., Okamoto, Y., Maeda, K., Kuriyama, H., et al. (2000) Adiponectin, an Adipocyte-Derived Plasma Protein, Inhibits Endothelial NF-κB Signaling through a cAMP-Dependent Pathway. Circulation, 102, 1296-1301. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Taylor, E.N., Stampfer, M.J. and Curhan, G.C. (2005) Diabetes Mellitus and the Risk of Nephrolithiasis. Kidney International, 68, 1230-1235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] Weinberg, A.E., Patel, C.J., Chertow, G.M. and Leppert, J.T. (2014) Diabetic Severity and Risk of Kidney Stone Disease. European Urology, 65, 242-247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[31] Katwal, B.M., Gautam, N., Shrestha, S., et al. (2023) Association of Different Biochemical and Hemodynamic Characteristic with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in Nephrolithiasis Patients. Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 21, 58-63.
[32] Saenz-Medina, J., Muñoz, M., Rodriguez, C., Sanchez, A., Contreras, C., Carballido-Rodríguez, J., et al. (2022) Endothelial Dysfunction: An Intermediate Clinical Feature between Urolithiasis and Cardiovascular Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23, Article 912. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Nerli, R., Jali, M., Guntaka, A., Patne, P., Patil, S. and Hiremath, M. (2015) Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Renal Stones. Advanced Biomedical Research, 4, 180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Daudon, M., Jungers, P., Bazin, D. and Williams, J.C. (2018) Recurrence Rates of Urinary Calculi According to Stone Composition and Morphology. Urolithiasis, 46, 459-470. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[35] Pricop, C., Ivănuță, M., Nikolic, M. and Puia, D. (2024) Kidney Stones of Type I vs. Type II Diabetic Patients: Are There Any Differences? Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13, Article 6110. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[36] Torricelli, F.C.M., De, S., Gebreselassie, S., Li, I., Sarkissian, C. and Monga, M. (2014) Type-2 Diabetes and Kidney Stones: Impact of Diabetes Medications and Glycemic Control. Urology, 84, 544-548. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[37] Shen, S., Wei, J., Kang, W. and Wang, T. (2023) Elucidating Shared Biomarkers and Pathways in Kidney Stones and Diabetes: Insights into Novel Therapeutic Targets and the Role of Resveratrol. Journal of Translational Medicine, 21, Article No. 491. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] Hung, J., Li, C., Geng, J., Wu, D. and Chen, S. (2022). Nutrients, 14, Article 1339[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[39] Ding, Q., Ouyang, J., Fan, B., Cao, C., Fan, Z., Ding, L., et al. (2019) Association between Dyslipidemia and Nephrolithiasis Risk in a Chinese Population. Urologia Internationalis, 103, 156-165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[40] Cai, C., Mai, Z., Deng, T., Zhao, Z., Zhu, W., Wen, Y., et al. (2018) Impact of Dyslipidemia on 24-H Urine Composition in Adults without Urolithiasis. Lipids in Health and Disease, 17, Article No. 250. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[41] Torricelli, F.C.M., De, S.K., Gebreselassie, S., Li, I., Sarkissian, C. and Monga, M. (2014) Dyslipidemia and Kidney Stone Risk. Journal of Urology, 191, 667-672. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[42] 郑雷, 陈翔, 尹博炜, 等. 血脂异常与尿路结石形成及其成分的相关性研究[J]. 中国中西医结合外科杂志, 2020, 26(5): 910-913.
[43] Stoller, M.L., Meng, M.V., Abrahams, H.M. and Kane, J.P. (2004) The Primary Stone Event: A New Hypothesis Involving a Vascular Etiology. Journal of Urology, 171, 1920-1924. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[44] Cohen, A.J., Adamsky, M.A., Nottingham, C.U., Pruitt, J., Lapin, B., Wang, C.H., et al. (2019) Impact of Statin Intake on Kidney Stone Formation. Urology, 124, 57-61. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[45] Liu, C.J. and Huang, H.S. (2020) Statins Significantly Alter Urinary Stone‐Related Urine Biochemistry in Calcium Kidney Stone Patients with Dyslipidemia. International Journal of Urology, 27, 839-844. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[46] Ahmed, M.H., Ahmed, H.T. and Khalil, A.A. (2012) Renal Stone Disease and Obesity: What Is Important for Urologists and Nephrologists? Renal Failure, 34, 1348-1354. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[47] Mao, W., Zhang, L., Sun, S., Wu, J., Zou, X., Zhang, G., et al. (2022) Physical Activity Reduces the Effect of High Body Mass Index on Kidney Stones in Diabetes Participants from the 2007-2018 NHANES Cycles: A Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, Article 936552. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[48] Eyre, K.S., Lewis, F., Cui, H., Grout, E., Mihai, R., Turney, B.W., et al. (2020) Utility of Blood Tests in Screening for Metabolic Disorders in Kidney Stone Disease. BJU International, 127, 538-543. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[49] Shen, X., Chen, Y., Chen, Y., Liang, H., Li, G. and Hao, Z. (2022) Is the METS-IR Index a Potential New Biomarker for Kidney Stone Development? Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, Article 914812. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[50] Fahed, G., Aoun, L., Bou Zerdan, M., Allam, S., Bou Zerdan, M., Bouferraa, Y., et al. (2022) Metabolic Syndrome: Updates on Pathophysiology and Management in 2021. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23, Article 786. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[51] Ziolkowska, S., Binienda, A., Jabłkowski, M., Szemraj, J. and Czarny, P. (2021) The Interplay between Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Base Excision Repair and Metabolic Syndrome in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22, Article 11128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[52] Wang, B., Wei, J., Huangfu, Q., Gao, F., Qin, L., Zhong, J., et al. (2022) Identification of Resolvin D1 and Protectin D1 as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Treating Kidney Stones. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2022, Article 4345037. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]

为你推荐