2019~2023年重庆市巫山县5种性病流行病学特征分析

The Analysis of the Epidemiological Characteristics of Five Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Wushan, Chongqing from 2019 to 2023

摘要: 目的：了解重庆巫山5种性传播疾病(简称性病，STD)流行情况，为当地制定性病的预防和控制措施提供针对性的建议和依据。方法：收集2019~2023年重庆巫山报告的5种STD的资料，进行流行病学特征分析。结果：2019~2023年重庆巫山报告5种STD共2730例，5年累积报告发病率为120.42/10万。病例以梅毒为主，占病例总数的90.40% (2468例)。发病率最高的地区是曲尺乡(186.63/10万)；报告病例数最多的地区是高唐街道(572例，20.95%)。病例男女性别比为0.83:1，80岁组段发病率最高(357.69/10万)。职业分布以农民为主(1321例，占48.39%)，其次是家务及待业(958例，占35.09%)。结论：2019~2023年重庆巫山5种STD发病率总体呈下降趋势，但仍维持在较高水平。其中，梅毒，尤其是隐性梅毒，是防控工作的重点；应当增加5种STD的检测力度，以确保患者能够尽早发现、早期诊断和及时治疗，从而降低性病的发病率。与此同时，应强化对重点人群的健康教育与疫情监测，提升公众的防范意识，以有效遏制性病疫情的恶化。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the prevalence of five sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Wushan County, Chongqing, and to provide targeted recommendations and evidence for local prevention and control measures. Methods: Data on five reported STDs in Wushan County from 2019 to 2023 were collected and analyzed for epidemiological characteristics. Results: From 2019 to 2023, a total of 2730 cases of the five STDs were reported in Wushan, with a cumulative incidence rate of 120.42 per 100,000 population over five years. Syphilis accounted for the majority of cases, comprising 90.40% (2468 cases). The highest incidence rate was in Quchi Township (186.63 per 100,000), the region with the most reported cases was Gaotang Street (572 cases, 20.95%). The male-to-female ratio of cases was 0.83:1, with the highest incidence rate observed in the 80-year age group (357.69 per 100,000). The occupational distribution was predominantly farmers (1321 cases, 48.39%), followed by homemakers and unemployed individuals (958 cases, 35.09%). Conclusion From 2019 to 2023, the incidence of five sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Wushan, Chongqing, has shown an overall declining trend, but remains at a high level. Among these, syphilis, particularly latent syphilis, is a key focus of prevention and control efforts. We should enhance testing efforts for the five STDs to ensure that patients can be identified early, diagnosed promptly, and treated in a timely manner, thereby reducing the incidence of these diseases. Additionally, it is essential to strengthen health education and epidemic monitoring for key populations, increasing public awareness to effectively curb the further deterioration of STD epidemics.