德阳市气象要素时空分布特征

Characteristics of Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Meteorological Elements in Deyang

摘要: 为研究德阳市气候变化的时空分布特征，利用德阳市境内5个国家气象观测站1994~2023年气温、降水资料和157个区域站2014~2023年降水资料，采用数理统计、线性倾向估计等方法对德阳市气温、降水的时空分布特征进行分析。结果表明：(1) 年平均气温总体呈上升趋势，除德阳站秋季外，四季均呈现不同程度的增温趋势；最高气温和平均气温均是东南高、西北低。(2) 高温站次数年际差异大，整体呈波动上升趋势，高温天气中东部(德阳站、广汉站、中江站)出现在4~9月，西部什邡站出现在5~9月，绵竹站仅出现在5~8月；高温站次数东南多、西北少。(3) 降水量年际变化波动较大，多雨年和少雨年交替出现，总体呈上升趋势，四季平均降水量从多到少依次为夏季、秋季、春季、冬季；降水量西北多、东南少。(4) 暴雨站次数整体呈上升趋势，暴雨在春季、夏季、秋季均有发生，冬季无暴雨；暴雨站次数总体呈西北多、东南少的特征。

Abstract: In order to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of climate change in Deyang, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of temperature and precipitation in Deyang were analysed using the temperature and precipitation data of five national meteorological observation stations in Deyang from 1994 to 2023 and the precipitation data of 157 regional stations from 2014 to 2023 by using the methods of mathematical statistics and linear tendency estimation. The results show that: (1) the annual average temperature shows an increasing trend, except autumn, all seasons show different degrees of warming trend; the maximum and average temperatures are high in the southeast and low in the northwest. (2) The number of high-temperature stations varies greatly from year to year, with a fluctuating upward trend. High-temperature weather occurs from April to September in the east-central part of the region (Deyang Station, Guanghan Station, and Zhongjiang Station), from May to September in the western part of the region (Shifang Station), and from May to August in Mianzhu Station; the number of high-temperature stations is higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest. (3) Precipitation fluctuates greatly from year to year, with an overall upward trend, and the average precipitation for the four seasons, in descending order, is in summer, autumn, spring, and winter; the amount of precipitation is more in the northwest and less in the southeast. (4) The number of heavy rainfall stations showed an overall upward trend, with occurrence in spring, summer and autumn, and no heavy rainfall in winter; the number of heavy rainfall stations generally showed the characteristics of more in the northwest and less in the southeast.