考虑居民心理成本的应急物资选址及路径优化研究

Research on the Optimization of Emergency Supplies Allocation and Scheduling Considering the Psychological Costs of Residents

摘要: 在大规模灾害救援过程中，如果应急物资供应不及时、分配不均衡将会致使灾民产生一定程度的负面心理情绪，进而对救援效率造成影响。针对这一问题，本文构建了绝对剥夺成本函数与相对剥夺成本函数来衡量灾民的负面心理情绪，以衡量灾民的心理影响。此外，通过总剥夺成本来表示资源分配的公平性。以救援总成本最小化为决策目标，建立了一个同时兼顾效率与公平的集成优化模型，涵盖受灾点选址和应急物资分配。为求解该模型，设计了一种分阶段解码的遗传算法来对模型求解。最后，以四川雅安地震受灾点进行实例分析，对模型和算法的有效性及可行性予以了验证，期望能为灾后应急救援提供具有价值的参考。

Abstract: In large-scale disaster relief operations, delays in emergency supplies or imbalances in their distribution can lead to negative psychological effects among disaster victims, which, in turn, may affect the efficiency of the rescue efforts. To address this issue, this paper constructs absolute deprivation cost functions and relative deprivation cost functions to quantify the negative psychological impact on victims. Additionally, the total deprivation cost is used to represent the fairness of resource allocation. With the objective of minimizing the total rescue cost, an integrated optimization model is established, balancing both efficiency and fairness, covering aspects such as emergency evacuation, temporary shelter site selection, and emergency supply distribution. To solve this model, a staged decoding genetic algorithm is designed for model resolution. Finally, a case study based on the disaster-stricken area of Ya’an, Sichuan is conducted to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the model and algorithm, providing valuable references for post-disaster emergency relief.