从补偿性控制理论视角看现代青年掀起的“玄学潮”

Viewing the “Metaphysics Trend” among Modern Youth from the Perspective of Compensatory Control Theory

摘要: 当前全球经济下行及不稳定的社会环境加剧了年轻人的就业压力和健康问题，导致他们普遍面临焦虑感上升和控制感下降的问题。在此背景下，占卜、风水和塔罗牌等玄学活动作为一种心理安慰和精神寄托工具逐渐成为年轻人的关注焦点。本研究以补偿性控制理论为视角，探讨年轻人热衷玄学的心理机制。补偿性控制理论认为，控制感是人类基本的心理需求之一，当个体控制感遭受剥夺时，他们会采取一系列补偿性措施以维持对秩序的需求。具体的补偿性策略体现在认知模式、超自然信仰、经济消费以及政治行为等多个领域。“玄学潮”反映了在不确定的社会环境中，青年群体试图通过玄学活动寻求心理支持和秩序感的倾向。本研究分析了当前经济环境与社会变迁如何影响青年心理以及行为选择，并提出通过增强社会支持和心理干预来改善年轻人控制感的建议。这不仅为该领域研究提供了理论框架，也给政策制定提供理论依据和实践参考。

Abstract: The acquisition of a sense of control is considered one of the most basic psychological needs of individuals. According to compensatory control theory, when an individual’s sense of control is deprived, they will adopt a series of compensatory measures to maintain their need for order. This involves actively seeking order in the objective world and displaying preferences and needs for physical or abstract entities that are orderly, certain, and predictable, in order to satisfy their need for control and order. Specific compensatory strategies can be reflected in various domains, including cognition, supernatural beliefs, economic consumption, and political behavior. Given the current economic downturn and severe employment situation, which have led to increased anxiety and a decrease in the sense of control among young people, this study aims to explain a series of typical psychological responses individuals exhibit in a tumultuous social environment from the perspective of compensatory control theory, while also providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for research in this area.