针灸治疗耳鸣的研究进展

Research Progress of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in the Treatment of Tinnitus

摘要: 耳鸣为无外界声源时的耳内或颅内声响，常被视为多种疾病的体征或独立疾病。中医对耳鸣的认知源于《黄帝内经》，详述其病理与治疗。流行病学显示，全球约14%人口有耳鸣经历，亚洲比例偏高，且耳鸣可引发焦虑、抑郁等，严重影响生活质量。现代医学对耳鸣机制尚未明确，治疗手段有限，包括药物(抗抑郁、镇静等，部分有副作用)、高压氧、助听器等。近年来，针灸治疗耳鸣的研究增多，方法多样且疗效显著，受到认可。本文综述了针灸治疗耳鸣的研究，其手段包括常规针刺、电针、穴位注射等，成本低廉、副作用小、疗效稳定。然而，针灸治疗的效果受多种因素制约，且多数研究缺乏远期随访，创新性不足。未来应探索更优针灸方案，并研究其与现代医学的结合，为临床提供全面、个性化的治疗方案。

Abstract: Tinnitus is an intra-ear or intracranial sound when there is no external sound source, and it is often regarded as a sign of many diseases or independent diseases. The cognition of tinnitus in traditional Chinese medicine comes from the “Huang Di Nei Jing”, which details its pathology and treatment. Epidemiology shows that about 14% of the global population experience tinnitus, the proportion in Asia is high, and tinnitus can cause anxiety, depression and so on, seriously affecting the quality of life. The mechanism of tinnitus in modern medicine is not clear, and the treatment is limited, including drugs (antidepressant, sedation, some side effects), hyperbaric oxygen, hearing aids and so on. In recent years, the research on acupuncture in the treatment of tinnitus has increased, with various methods and remarkable curative effect, which has been recognized. This paper reviews the research on acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of tinnitus, including routine acupuncture, electroacupuncture and acupoint injection, with low cost, little side effects and stable curative effect. However, the effect of acupuncture treatment is restricted by many factors, and most studies lack of long-term follow-up and lack of innovation. In the future, we should explore a better acupuncture scheme and study its combination with modern medicine, so as to provide a comprehensive and personalized treatment plan for clinic.