中国中老年人睡眠时长与高血压的关联性研究

Association between Sleep Duration and Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese

摘要: 目的：了解我国中老年人高血压患病现状，探讨中老年人睡眠时长与高血压患病的关系。方法：数据来源于北京大学中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS)，使用频数和百分比对高血压进行一般统计描述，采用二元logistic回归和限制性立方样条图探讨睡眠时长与高血压患病的相关关系和非线性关系。结果：本研究纳入有效样本19,558人，高血压患病率、睡眠时长不足率、睡眠时长过度率分别为38.47% (7524/19,558)、56.35% (11,020/19,558)、9.44% (1847/19,558)。控制混杂因素后，相较于睡眠时长为7~8 h，睡眠时长 < 7 h (OR = 1.12)和睡眠时长 > 8 h (OR = 1.21)与高血压发生存在关联。限制性立方样条图结果显示，睡眠时长7.12 h为临界点，睡眠时长 < 6 h和>8.24 h与高血压患病风险升高相关。结论：在中老年人群中，睡眠时长小于7 h和大于8 h均可能是高血压患病的危险因素，而睡眠过多的风险略高于睡眠不足，睡眠时长与高血压呈“U”形关系。

Abstract: Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypertension among middle-aged and older adults in China and explore the relationship between sleep duration and hypertension among middle-aged and older adults. Methods: Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) at Peking University. Frequencies and percentages were used to describe the general statistics of hypertension. Binary logistic regression and constrained cubic splines were used to examine the correlation and nonlinear relationship between sleep duration and hypertension. Result: The study included a valid sample of 19,558 participants, and the prevalence of hypertension, sleep duration insufficiency, and sleep duration excess was 38.47% (7524/19,558), 56.35% (11,020/19,558), and 9.44% (1847/19,558), respectively. After controlling for confounders, less than 7 hours of sleep (OR = 1.12) and more than 8 hours of sleep (OR = 1.21) were associated with hypertension compared to 7~8 hours of sleep. A restricted cubic plot showed that 7.12 hours of sleep was the threshold, with less than 6 hours of sleep and more than 8.24 hours of sleep being associated with an increased risk of hypertension. Conclusion: In middle-aged and older adults, sleep duration of less than 7 hours and more than 8 hours may be risk factors for hypertension, but the risk of sleeping too long is somewhat higher than the risk of sleeping too short, and the relationship between sleep duration and hypertension is U-shaped.