卧螺离心机螺旋叶片倾角对煤泥水分离特性影响研究
Study on Influence of Tilt Angle of Screw Blade of Decanter Centrifuge on Separation Characteristics of Slime Water
摘要: 煤炭是我国能源结构中的重要组成部分，在“绿色、智慧矿山”发展背景下，高效处理井下煤泥水已成为矿山环保与资源利用的关键课题。卧螺离心机因其高效的固液分离性能被广泛应用于煤泥水处理领域。为进一步提高分离效率，以矿用LW450型卧螺离心机为研究对象，重点探讨螺旋叶片倾角对分离性能的影响。通过建立三维几何模型，采用CFD数值模拟结合实验验证的方法，系统分析不同螺旋叶片倾角(0˚、2˚、4˚、6˚、8˚)对固相回收率、动压分布和固相体积分布的作用规律。研究表明，螺旋叶片倾角对固相回收率具有显著影响，呈现先上升后下降的趋势。倾角变化对转鼓柱段的动压分布影响较小，但对出渣口动压分布的影响较大。当倾角为4˚时，固相回收率达到最大值，同时在转鼓锥段形成较厚的固相沉积层，且动压分布更加平稳，从而显著提升了分离性能。本研究为优化卧螺离心机的结构设计及煤泥水高效处理提供了重要的理论依据和技术支持，对推动绿色矿山建设及资源可持续利用具有重要意义。
Abstract: Coal is an important part of our country’s energy structure. Under the background of “green and intelligent mine” development, efficient treatment of underground slime water has become a key issue of mine environmental protection and resource utilization. Decanter centrifuge is widely used in the field of slime water treatment because of its highly efficient solid-liquid separation performance. In order to further improve the separation efficiency, taking the mine LW450 decanter centrifuge as the research object, the influence of the inclination Angle of the spiral blade on the separation performance was mainly discussed. By establishing a three-dimensional geometric model, CFD numerical simulation combined with experimental verification method was used to systematically analyze the effect of different screw blade inclination angles (0˚, 2˚, 4˚, 6˚, 8˚) on solid recovery, dynamic pressure distribution and solid volume distribution. The results show that the tilt Angle of the spiral blade has a significant effect on the recovery of solid phase, showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The change of inclination Angle has little influence on the dynamic pressure distribution of the drum column section, but has a great influence on the dynamic pressure distribution of the slag outlet. When the dip Angle is 4˚, the recovery of solid phase reaches the maximum value, and a thicker solid phase deposition layer is formed in the drum cone section, and the dynamic pressure distribution is more stable, which significantly improves the separation performance. This study provides an important theoretical basis and technical support for the optimization of the structure design of the decanter centrifuge and the efficient treatment of slime water, which is of great significance for promoting green mine construction and sustainable utilization of resources.
文章引用：周栋, 丛佩超, 李文彬. 卧螺离心机螺旋叶片倾角对煤泥水分离特性影响研究[J]. 建模与仿真, 2025, 14(1): 1146-1155. https://doi.org/10.12677/mos.2025.141104

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