从试次角度探讨知觉与概念线索对恐惧泛化的影响

The Influence of Perceptual and Conceptual Cues on Fear Generalization Is Explored from the Perspective of Trial

摘要: 对恐惧习得和泛化的研究有利于人类克服PTSD、广场恐怖症等焦虑障碍，以往研究大多考虑影响人类恐惧习得泛化的个别因素，但现实生活中的环境是复杂多变的，因此有必要考虑更多元的因素来研究人类的恐惧习得泛化。本研究结合不同试次探讨了简单知觉线索(颜色)和高级认知维度的线索(概念)对恐惧习得程度和恐惧泛化广度的共同影响，结果表明：习得试次的增加有助于提高恐惧习得程度，降低恐惧泛化的广度；简单的颜色知觉线索与涉及高级认知的概念线索可以共同促进恐惧泛化，且随着习得试次增加，个体会倾向于综合考虑简单知觉规则与高级认知规则进行恐惧预期判断；恐惧泛化是自下而上加工和自上而下加工、无意识加工和有意识加工共同作用的结果。

Abstract: The research on the acquisition and generalization of fear will help human beings to overcome anxiety disorders such as PTSD and agoraphobia. Previous studies have mostly considered individual factors which affect the generalization of human fear acquisition. However, in real life, the environment is complex and changeable, so it is necessary to consider more factors to study the fear acquisition and generalization in human. This study explored the joint effects of simple perceptual cues (color) and cues of the advanced cognitive dimension (concept) on the degree of fear acquisition and th9 breadth of fear generalization under different experimental trials. The results showed that the increase of acquisition trials helped to improve the degree of fear acquisition and reduce the breadth of fear generalization. Simple color perception cues and conceptual cues involving advanced cognition can promote fear generalization, and with the increase of acquisition trials, individuals tend to comprehensively consider simple perception rules and advanced cognitive rules for fear expectation judgment. The decision-making judgment of fear generalization is the result of the combination of bottom-up processing and top-down processing, unconscious processing and conscious processing.