论亚里士多德逻辑与墨家名辩学的不同

On the Differences between Aristotle’s Logic and Mohist Dialectics

摘要: 中国名辩学与古希腊逻辑、以及印度因明，是世界三大逻辑体系。这三大逻辑体系的产生，基于我们人类都属于同一物种，以及为了生存而进行的社会实践和认识活动，因此，从人类认识世界的思维形式和思维规律具有共性和同一性的角度说，人类只有一种逻辑，而不是说不同的国家和地域的不同的民族具有不同的逻辑。另一方面，又由于不同地域的人类的实践活动和认识活动具有各自的特色和差异，因此，人类历史上又产生了不同的逻辑传统。因此我们认为，人类历史上不同的逻辑传统都是个性与共性的统一，即既具有人类思维方式的共性，又有别具一格、不可磨灭的个性。本文旨在从动态和静态两个角度探讨亚里士多德逻辑与墨家名辩学的个性及其形成的原因，从而深化对这两种逻辑传统的认识。

Abstract: Chinese dialectics, ancient Greek logic, and Indian Hetuvidyā constitute the three major logical systems in the world. The emergence of these three logical systems is based on the fact that we all belong to the same species and engage in social practices and cognitive activities for survival. Therefore, from the perspective that the forms and laws of human thinking in understanding the world have commonality and universality, there is only one logic for humanity, rather than different logics for different nations and regions with different ethnic groups. On the other hand, due to the distinctive and diverse practical and cognitive activities in different regions, different logical traditions have emerged in human history. Thus, we believe that the different logical traditions in human history are the unity of individuality and commonality, that is, they possess both the commonality of human ways of thinking and their own unique, indelible individuality. This paper aims to explore the individuality and the reasons for its formation of Aristotle’s logic and Mohist dialectics from both dynamic and static perspectives, thereby deepening the understanding of these two logical traditions.