Rh血型C、c、E、e抗原的分布情况及检测意义

Distribution and Detection Significance of Rh Blood Group C, c, E and e Antigens

摘要: 目的：通过研究RhC、c、E、e抗原在宜昌某医院的分布，结合血型不规则抗体的检出情况，浅析Rh抗原C、c、E、e分型检测的临床意义，提高临床用血安全。方法：对我院2022.07~2023.07期间输血患者和献血员进行血清学ABO血型和Rh抗原C、c、E、e分型检测，使用微柱法对用血患者进行血型不规则抗体筛查及鉴定，记录数据后统计并分析。结果：Rh血型表型有8种，出现率最大的为DCCee (46.71%)，最小的为DCcEE (0.23%)，Rh血型抗原分型检测中CcEe四种抗原的基因频率和抗原依次为e、C、c、E，在输血患者和献血员中分布无统计学意义。随机匹配时，Rh表型相容的比例为65.89%，不相容比例为34.11%。产生的血型不规则抗体占比最高的为Rh系统抗体，占42.9%，其次为MNS系统抗体，占21.43%。结论：Rh表型、CcEe四种抗原的基因频率和抗原分布在输血患者和献血员中均无差异，实行Rh配合性输注有可行性；Rh配合性输注可减少随机输注的风险性。

Abstract: Objective: By studying the distribution of RhC, c, E, and e antigens in a hospital in Yichang, combined with the detection of irregular blood group antibodies, we analyzed the clinical significance of Rh antigen C, c, E, and e typing testing, and improved clinical blood use safety. Methods: Serological ABO blood group and Rh antigen C, c, E, and e typing were performed on blood transfusion patients and blood donors in our hospital during 2022.07~2023.07. The micro-column method was used to screen and identify irregular blood group antibodies on patients who used blood, and the data were recorded and analyzed. Results: There were 8 Rh blood group phenotypes, with the largest occurrence rate being DCCee (46.71%) and the smallest being DCcEE (0.23%). In Rh blood group antigen typing test, the gene frequencies and antigens of the four CcEe antigens were e, C, c, and E in order. There was no statistical significance in the distribution among blood transfusion patients and blood donors. When matched randomly, the proportion of Rh phenotypes compatible was 65.89%, and the proportion of incompatible was 34.11%. The highest proportion of irregular blood group antibodies produced was Rh system antibodies (42.9%), followed by MNS system antibodies (21.43%). Conclusion: There are no differences in the Rh phenotype, gene frequencies and antigen distribution of the four antigens of CcEe between blood transfusion patients and blood donors. It is feasible to implement Rh matching infusion; Rh matching infusion can reduce the risk of random infusion.