父母教养方式对儿童心理安全感的影响：相对剥夺感的中介作用

The Impact of Parenting Styles on Children’s Psychological Sense of Security: The Mediating Role of Relative Deprivation

摘要: 目的：探讨父母教养方式对儿童心理安全感的影响及相对剥夺感的中介作用。方法：对重庆市北碚区521名中小学生进行问卷调查，使用简式父母教养方式量表(s-EMBU-C)、心理安全感量表(SQ)、青少年相对剥夺感量表进行施测。结果：(1) 父母情感温暖与相对剥夺感呈显著负相关，与心理安全感呈显著正相关；父母拒绝和父母过度保护与相对剥夺感呈显著正相关，且与心理安全感呈显著负相关；相对剥夺感与心理安全感呈显著负相关。(2) 相对剥夺感在父母教养方式与心理安全感之间起部分中介作用，父母情感温暖、父母拒绝、父母过度保护对心理安全感影响的间接效应值为0.25、−0.35、−0.30。结论：父母教养方式不仅可以直接影响儿童的心理安全感，还可以通过相对剥夺感间接影响儿童的心理安全感。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the impact of parenting styles on children’s psychological sense of security and the mediating role of relative deprivation. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 521 primary and secondary school students in Beibei District, Chongqing. The instruments used included the short version of the Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran for Children (s-EMBU-C), the Sense of Security Scale (SQ), and the Adolescent Relative Deprivation Scale. Results: (1) Parental emotional warmth was significantly negatively correlated with relative deprivation and significantly positively correlated with psychological security. Parental rejection and overprotection were significantly positively correlated with relative deprivation and significantly negatively correlated with psychological security. Relative deprivation was significantly negatively correlated with psychological security. (2) Relative deprivation partially mediated the relationship between parenting styles and psychological security. The indirect effects of parental emotional warmth, parental rejection, and parental over protection on psychological security were 0.25, −0.35, and −0.30, respectively. Conclusion: Parenting styles not only directly affect children’s psychological sense of security but also influence it indirectly through relative deprivation.