中文阅读中汉字位置信息加工机制：影响因素与理论探讨
The Processing Mechanism of Chinese Character Positional Information in Reading: Influencing Factors and Theoretical Exploration
DOI: 10.12677/ap.2025.152090, PDF,   
作者: 黄佳伟：天津中医药大学管理学院，天津；陈 彧*：天津中医药大学管理学院，天津；东南大学外国语学院，江苏 南京；天津理工大学聋人工学院，天津
关键词: 中文阅读；位置信息加工；字符换位效应；Chinese Reading； Positional Information Processing； Transposed Character Effects
摘要: 位置信息加工在阅读中扮演着至关重要的角色，特别是在词汇识别阶段，它直接影响词汇的通达与理解。然而，汉字作为一种表意文字，其位置信息加工的独特性尚未得到充分的系统探讨。本文回顾了现有关于中文阅读中汉字位置信息加工的实验研究，综合分析了相关文献，总结了汉字位置信息加工的主要特征及其影响因素，并指出了现有相关理论体系中的局限性。最后，本文展望了未来研究在深入探索汉字位置信息加工认知机制方面的潜在方向。
Abstract: Positional information processing plays a crucial role in reading, particularly during the lexical recognition phase, as it directly affects the accessibility and understanding of words. However, as a logographic writing system, the uniqueness of positional information processing in Chinese characters has not been fully and systematically explored. This paper reviews the existing experimental studies on positional information processing in Chinese reading, synthesizing relevant literature, summarizing the main characteristics and influencing factors of Chinese character positional information processing, and pointing out the limitations of the current theoretical frameworks. Finally, the paper looks forward to potential directions for future research in further exploring the cognitive mechanisms of positional information processing in Chinese characters.
文章引用：黄佳伟, 陈彧 (2025). 中文阅读中汉字位置信息加工机制：影响因素与理论探讨. 心理学进展, 15(2), 324-332. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2025.152090

参考文献

[1] 卞迁, 崔磊, 闫国利(2010). 词素位置颠倒对中文句子阅读影响的眼动研究. 心理研究, 3(1), 29-35.
[2] 曹海波, 兰泽波, 高峰, 于海涛, 李鹏, 王敬欣(2023). 词素位置概率在中文阅读中的作用: 词汇判断和眼动研究. 心理学报, 55(2), 159-176.
[3] 曹洪文(2016). 中文词素位置编码及时空整合的认知研究. 博士学位论文, 成都: 电子科技大学.
[4] 丁国盛, 彭聃龄(2006). 中文逆序词识别中整词与词素的关系. 当代语言学, 8(1), 36-45.
[5] 顾俊娟, 高志华, 马绍扬(2022). 嵌套词汉字位置加工的亚词边界效应. 心理与行为研究, 20(1), 1-7.
[6] 顾俊娟, 高志华, 屈青青(2020). 汉字位置加工的词边界效应. 心理与行为研究, 18(2), 193-199.
[7] 顾俊娟, 石金富(2021). 汉字位置加工和词边界效应的认知机制. 心理科学进展, 29(2), 191-201.
[8] 蒋理想(2017). 中文阅读中词素与词间位置信息对阅读影响的眼动研究. 硕士学位论文, 福州: 福建师范大学.
[9] 彭聃龄, 丁国盛, 王春茂(1999). 中文逆序词的加工——词素在词加工中的作用. 心理学报, (1), 36-46.
[10] 吴琼(2013). 语义预测对中文词素位置信息加工的影响. 硕士学位论文, 大连: 辽宁师范大学.
[11] 徐迩嘉, 隋雪(2018). 身份信息与位置信息的加工进程及语境预测性的影响. 心理学报, 50(6), 606-621.
[12] Blythe, H. I., Johnson, R. L., Liversedge, S. P., & Rayner, K. (2014). Reading Transposed Text: Effects of Transposed Letter Distance and Consonant-Vowel Status on Eye Movements. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 76, 2424-2440.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13] Chang, M., Hao, L., Zhao, S., Li, L., Paterson, K. B., & Wang, J. (2020). Flexible Parafoveal Encoding of Character Order Supports Word Predictability Effects in Chinese Reading: Evidence from Eye Movements. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 82, 2793-2801.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Coltheart, M., Rastle, K., Perry, C., Langdon, R., & Ziegler, J. (2001). DRC: A Dual Route Cascaded Model of Visual Word Recognition and Reading Aloud..Psychological Review, 108, 204-256.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Davis, C. J. (2010). The Spatial Coding Model of Visual Word Identification. Psychological Review, 117, 713-758.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] Davis, C. J., & Bowers, J. S. (2006). Contrasting Five Different Theories of Letter Position Coding: Evidence from Orthographic Similarity Effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 535-557.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[17] Grainger, J., & Van Heuven, W. J. (2004). Modeling Letter Position Coding in Printed Word Perception.
[18] Grainger, J., Lété, B., Bertand, D., Dufau, S., & Ziegler, J. C. (2012). Evidence for Multiple Routes in Learning to Read. Cognition, 123, 280-292.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] Gu, J., & Li, X. (2015). The Effects of Character Transposition within and across Words in Chinese Reading. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 77, 272-281.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Gu, J., Li, X., & Liversedge, S. P. (2015). Character Order Processing in Chinese Reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 41, 127-137.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Gu, J., Zhou, J., Bao, Y., Liu, J., Perea, M., & Li, X. (2023). The Effect of Transposed-Character Distance in Chinese Reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 49, 464-476.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Johnson, R. L., Perea, M., & Rayner, K. (2007). Transposed-Letter Effects in Reading: Evidence from Eye Movements and Parafoveal Preview. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 33, 209-229.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Lee, C. E., Pagán, A., Godwin, H. J., & Drieghe, D. (2024). Individual Differences and the Transposed Letter Effect during Reading. PLOS ONE, 19, e0298351.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Li, X., & Pollatsek, A. (2020). An Integrated Model of Word Processing and Eye-Movement Control during Chinese Reading. Psychological Review, 127, 1139-1162.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Li, X., Rayner, K., & Cave, K. R. (2009). On the Segmentation of Chinese Words during Reading. Cognitive Psychology, 58, 525-552.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Liu, D., Chung, K. K. H., Zhang, Y., & Lu, Z. (2014). Sensitivity to the Positional Information of Morphemes Inside Chinese Compound Words and Its Relationship with Word Reading. Reading and Writing, 27, 431-450.[CrossRef] 
[27] Liu, Z., Li, Y., Cutter, M. G., Paterson, K. B., & Wang, J. (2022). A Transposed-Word Effect across Space and Time: Evidence from Chinese. Cognition, 218, Article ID: 104922.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[28] Lupker, S. J., & Davis, C. J. (2009). Sandwich Priming: A Method for Overcoming the Limitations of Masked Priming by Reducing Lexical Competitor Effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35, 618-639.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Ma, G., Pollatsek, A., Li, Y., & Li, X. (2017). Chinese Readers Can Perceive a Word Even When It’s Composed of Noncontiguous Characters. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 43, 158-166.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] Marian, V., Blumenfeld, H. K., & Kaushanskaya, M. (2007). The Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q): Assessing Language Profiles in Bilinguals and Multilinguals. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50, 940-967.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[31] McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An Interactive Activation Model of Context Effects in Letter Perception: I. an Account of Basic Findings. Psychological Review, 88, 375-407.[CrossRef] 
[32] Perfetti, C. A., Liu, Y., & Tan, L. H. (2005). The Lexical Constituency Model: Some Implications of Research on Chinese for General Theories of Reading. Psychological Review, 112, 43-59.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Schoonbaert, S., & Grainger, J. (2004). Letter Position Coding in Printed Word Perception: Effects of Repeated and Transposed Letters. Language and Cognitive Processes, 19, 333-367.[CrossRef] 
[34] Snell, J., Bertrand, D., & Grainger, J. (2018). Parafoveal Letter-Position Coding in Reading. Memory & Cognition, 46, 589-599.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[35] Sterling, P., & Wickelgren, B. G. (1969). Visual Receptive Fields in the Superior Colliculus of the Cat. Journal of Neurophysiology, 32, 1-15.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[36] Su, X., Li, X., Li, R., Zhao, C., & Cui, L. (2024). Morphological Structures of Two-Character Words Influence Character Position Encoding. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 56, 383-393.[CrossRef] 
[37] Taft, M., & Zhu, X. (1997). Submorphemic Processing in Reading Chinese. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 761-775.[CrossRef] 
[38] Taft, M., Zhu, X., & Peng, D. (1999). Positional Specificity of Radicals in Chinese Character Recognition. Journal of Memory and Language, 40, 498-519.[CrossRef] 
[39] Yan, M., Zhou, W., Shu, H., & Kliegl, R. (2012). Lexical and Sublexical Semantic Preview Benefits in Chinese Reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38, 1069-1075.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[40] Yang, H., Hino, Y., Chen, J., Yoshihara, M., Nakayama, M., Xue, J. et al. (2020). The Origins of Backward Priming Effects in Logographic Scripts for Four-Character Words. Journal of Memory and Language, 113, Article ID: 104107.[CrossRef] 
[41] Zhang, L., & Osth, A. F. (2024). Modelling Orthographic Similarity Effects in Recognition Memory Reveals Support for Open Bigram Representations of Letter Coding. Cognitive Psychology, 148, Article ID: 101619.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[42] Zhang, L., Kang, L., Chen, W., Xie, F., & Warrington, K. L. (2024). Parafoveal Processing of Orthography, Phonology, and Semantics during Chinese Reading: Effects of Foveal Load. Brain Sciences, 14, Article 512.[CrossRef] [PubMed]