批评隐喻分析视角下世界卫生组织机构形象构建研究

Image Construction of World Health Organization from the Perspective of Critical Metaphor Analysis

摘要: 随着全球对卫生健康的关注不断增强，世界卫生组织宣传促进全球公共卫生和健康的责任更加重大。批评隐喻分析是批评话语分析与认知语言学相结合形成的一种分析隐喻的新方法，而通过话语构建的国际机构形象能实现机构存在的合法性和合理性。对世界卫生组织年会报告的隐喻分析能够展示世界卫生组织在全球卫生治理中的领导力，增强公众信任与认知，促进国际卫生合作与交流。因此，基于批评隐喻理论，本研究以世界卫生组织2014年至2023年会报告为语料，采用隐喻识别程序(MIP)对语料中的概念隐喻进行识别与统计，总结概念隐喻的主要类型，深入研究隐喻的选择如何实现国际机构的形象建构。研究发现，语料中出现的战争类隐喻、旅程类隐喻、体育类隐喻、建筑类隐喻和拟人类隐喻构建了世界卫生组织“人类健康守护者”、“公共卫生安全引航者”、“公共卫生安全赛道竞技者”积极正面的国际机构形象。

Abstract: With the increasing global attention to health, the responsibility of the World Health Organization (WHO) to promote global public health and wellness has become even greater. Critical metaphor analysis is a new method of analyzing metaphor, which combines critical discourse analysis with cognitive linguistics. The image construction of international institutions can achieve the legitimacy and rationality of their existence through discourse construction. Metaphorical analysis of the annual report of the World Health Organization can demonstrate its leadership in global health governance, enhance public trust and awareness, and facilitate international health cooperation and exchanges. Therefore, based on the critical metaphor theory, this research selects the annual reports of the World Health Organization, on World Health Assembly from May 2014 to 2023 as the corpus, and uses the metaphor identification procedure (MIP) to identify the conceptual metaphors in the corpus, summarizes the main types of conceptual metaphors, and deeply studies how the metaphors can achieve the image construction of international institutions. The results show that war metaphors, travel metaphors, sports metaphors, architecture metaphors and human metaphors are mainly used to construct a series of positive international institutional images of WHO such as “guardian of human health”, “public health safety navigator”, “competitor on the track of public health safety”.