基于建构主义学习理论的教学改革探索——以本科生《文献检索与综述》课程为例

Exploration of Teaching Reform Based on the Learning Theory of Constructivism—Taking “Literature Retrieval and Review” for Undergraduates as an Example

摘要: 《文献检索与综述》课程旨在帮助本科生打好学术基本功、建立学术思维、了解学术规范。此类课程在实践中主要面临理论讲解与学生实践不平衡、学习过程中互动不充分以及课程体系不系统三类问题。针对以上问题，基于建构主义学习理论，围绕发挥学生自主性、创设学习情境和建立学习共同体三个核心要素，本课程从教学方法、教学内容和评价方式三方面进行了教学改革探索。方法上，借助项目式学习、案例教学、范例拆解等使学生成为知识建构的主体；内容上，注重知识衔接；评价上，加强师生和学生互动充分发挥学习共同体的作用。这些改革措施在改善学习效果、创新本科生人才培养方面发挥着重要作用。

Abstract: The course of “literature retrieval and review” aims to help undergraduates lay a solid foundation in academic basics, establish academic thinking and obey academic norms. Three types of problems are identified during the teaching process, namely, the imbalance between theoretical instruction and student practice, insufficient interaction during the learning process and lack of systematicness in the curriculum system. To address the above issues, based on the learning theory of constructivism and centering around students’ autonomy, learning situation creation and learning community establishment, this course has carried out explorations on teaching reform forms the aspects of teaching methods, teaching contents and evaluation approaches. In terms of teaching methods, diverse methods are developed, by implementing project-based learning, case-based instruction and example analysis, students are enabled to become the main body in knowledge construction. Regarding content, the logics of knowledge are emphasized. As for evaluation, the role of the learning community is fully exerted through the mentorship system and student interactions. This reform plays a significant role in improving learning and innovating undergraduate talent cultivation.