成人前牙开��的治疗现状及进展

Current Status and Progress in the Treatment of Adult Anterior Open Bite

摘要: 前牙开��是一类常见的错��畸形，不仅影响美观和发音，还可能导致咀嚼效率下降和颞下颌关节紊乱等。根据其形成机制主要可分为牙性和骨性开��。成人开��患者大多兼有牙性和骨性开��，这增加了治疗的复杂性。因此，需根据具体病例来制定详细的矫治策略。目前临床上治疗开��的方法多样，包括固定矫治(直丝弓技术、MEAW技术、摇椅弓配合垂直牵引等)、种植体辅助支抗的应用、无托槽隐形矫治与正颌外科手术等。这些治疗方法各有优劣，应根据患者开��的具体原因、严重程度及患者的个体情况灵活选择。本文通过对成人前牙开��畸形的各类矫治方法进行系统的阐述与探讨，旨在为临床医生选择本疾病的最佳治疗方法时提供一定的参考和依据。

Abstract: Anterior open bite is a common type of malocclusion, which not only affects aesthetics and pronunciation but also may lead to decreased mastication efficiency and temporomandibular joint disorders. According to its formation mechanism, it can be divided into dental and bony dehiscence. Most adults with open bites have both bony and dental open bites, which makes treatment more difficult. Therefore, a detailed orthodontic strategy needs to be developed for each individual. There are currently several clinical therapies available for open bite, including fixed orthodontic treatment (straight arch technique, MEAW technique, rocking chair-arch with vertical traction), implant anchorage, clear aligners, and orthognathic surgery. Each of these treatments has pros and cons, and the patient’s circumstances, the cause, and the severity of open bite should all be considered when making a decision. This article systematically explains and discusses the various types of treatment for adult anterior open bite, aiming to provide clinicians with some reference and basis for choosing the best treatment for this disease.