家访护士工作压力与工作场所暴力的相关性研究

Analysis of Correlation between Job Stress and Workplace Violence among Home Visiting Nurses

摘要: 目的：了解家访护士工作场所暴力现状，并探讨其与工作压力的关系。方法：2024年3~6月，采用便利抽样法选取广东省、广西省13所综合性医院的434名家访护士为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、工作压力量表、工作场所暴力调查表对其进行调查。结果：工作场所暴力的发生率为10.60%，动物威胁是最常见的工作场所暴力。单因素分析结果显示：聘用形式、平均每月家访次数、每周工作时间以及是否单人出访差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。相关性结果显示，工作场所暴力与工作压力及患者护理、管理和人际关系、工作环境与资源三个维度具有相关性(r = 0.215~0.279, P < 0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示，控制一般资料后，工作环境和资源(OR = 2.897, P = 0.021)、患者护理(OR = 3.617, P = 0.040)是工作场所暴力的影响因素，能解释33.0%的变异。结论：尽管家访护士工作场所暴力的发生率相对较低，但在护士的职场中仍普遍存在这种现象。同时，工作压力的增加会提高工作场所暴力发生的风险。因此，医院管理者应对此给予高度重视，并提前采取有效的预防措施。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the current situation of workplace violence in home visiting nurses and explore its relationship with job stress. Methods: From March to June 2024, 434 home visiting nurses from 13 general hospitals in Guangdong Province and Guangxi Province were selected by convenience sampling method. The general data questionnaire, job stress questionnaire and workplace violence questionnaire were used to investigate them. Results: The incidence of workplace violence was 10.60%. Animal threats are the most common forms of workplace violence. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in employment form, average monthly home visits, weekly working hours and whether one person visited (P < 0.05). The correlation results showed that workplace violence was correlated with job stress and the three dimensions of patient care, management and interpersonal relationships, and work environment and resources (r = 0.215~0.279, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that after controlling for general information, work environment and resources (OR = 2.897, P = 0.021), and patient care (OR = 3.617, P = 0.040) were the influencing factors for workplace violence, explaining 33.0% of the variance. Conclusion: Although the incidence of workplace violence among home visiting nurses is relatively low, it is still prevalent in the nursing workplace. At the same time, increased work stress raises the risk of workplace violence. Therefore, hospital administrators should pay great attention to this and take effective preventive measures in advance.