大数据背景下高等教育综合评价研究——基于因子分析的实证分析

Research on Comprehensive Evaluation of Higher Education in the Context of Big Data—An Empirical Analysis Based on Factor Analysis

摘要: 高等教育是提升国家或地区发展竞争力的关键。我国高等教育区域发展差异已愈发明显，要推进区域高等教育协调发展，首先需要对高等教育质量发展水平进行合理与科学的评价。本文从大数据背景对评价指标进行创新，从背景规模、资源投入、实践过程、产出效益四个方面建立我国高等教育高质量发展的评价指标体系。基于因子分析构建了高等教育综合评价模型，对广东省18所本科院校进行了评价。实证研究结果表明，地市间、同市内存在高等教育发展不均衡，经济文化发展越发达的地区，高等教育质量发展水平越高。因此，既要加强地区间各层面高等教育发展的均衡性政策支持，也要加强各高校之间的合作与交流。

Abstract: Higher education is a key factor in enhancing the competitiveness of a country or region’s development. The regional disparities in higher education development in China have become increasingly apparent. To promote the coordinated development of regional higher education, it is necessary to conduct a rational and scientific evaluation of the quality of higher education. This article innovates the evaluation indicators in the context of big data, establishing an evaluation indicator system for the high-quality development of higher education in China from four aspects: background scale, resource input, practical process, and output efficiency. Based on factor analysis, a comprehensive evaluation model for higher education is constructed, and an evaluation of 18 undergraduate institutions in Guangdong Province is conducted. Empirical research results indicate that there is an imbalance in higher education development between cities and within the same city. Regions with more developed economic and cultural development tend to have higher levels of quality in higher education. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen policy support for the balanced development of higher education at all levels between regions and promote cooperation and communication among various universities.