德里达反基础主义的语言哲学

Derrida’s Philosophy of Language: Rejecting Foundationalist Interpretation

摘要: 德里达的语言哲学被认为是一种语境论，主张意义来源于延异且会随着语境的变化而发生滑动。德里达的延异理论对文本的解释持有开放的、非封闭的态度，因此可被视为一种反基础主义的语言哲学。通过分析认为，德里达反对语言基础主义的实质，是认为无法建立意义、真理、在场三者之间严格的符合关系。在梳理并重构了德里达的论证方式之后，认为其论证过程有赖于预设的两个前提，指出意义理论的建立可以绕开真理与存在之间的符合关系。本文接受德里达式解构在激发文本内容上的进步，但也谨慎对待解构对其他意义理论的限制。

Abstract: Derrida’s philosophy of language is considered to be a contextualism, which asserts that meaning derives from extension and slides with context. Derrida’s theory of différance holds an open and non-closed approach to the interpretation of texts and can therefore be seen as an anti-foundationalist philosophy of language. It is argued through analysis that the essence of Derrida’s opposition to linguistic foundationalism is the belief that it is impossible to establish a strict conformity between meaning, truth, and presence. After sorting out and reconstructing Derrida’s argumentation, it is argued that his argumentative process relies on two presuppositions, pointing out that a theory of meaning can be built in such a way that it bypasses the conformity relation between truth and existence. This paper accepts the advances of Derridaian deconstruction in stimulating textual content, but is also cautious about the limitations that deconstruction places on other theories of meaning.