水稻根际解磷菌的筛选鉴定与促生功能研究

Screening, Identification of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria in Rice Rhizosphere and Their Plant Growth-Promoting Functions

摘要: 目的：磷是作物生长发育不可或缺的关键营养元素。在土壤中，大多数磷素都以难溶性磷酸盐状态存在，难以被植物直接吸收利用。土壤中含有大量的解磷菌，筛选高效的解磷菌可促进磷转化，改善土壤质量，促进植物生长。方法：利用梯度稀释法对微生物进行分离，并对其进行纯化与鉴定。评价菌株的生长特性、解磷能力。结果：从水稻根际土中共筛选到三株高效解磷菌，分别是神户肠杆菌(Enterobacter kobei) C3、恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida) P6和铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa) P12。相比商业常用高效解磷菌荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens) PF，铜绿假单胞菌P12具有更强的解无机磷(磷酸钙)的能力，而神户肠杆菌C3解有机磷(植酸钙(Ca-Phyt))能力更强。最后，四株解磷菌组合成的混合菌群能够更好地促进水稻生长并提高水稻对磷的吸收。结论：为微生物菌剂的研制和应用提供了理论基础。

Abstract: Objective: Phosphorus is a crucial nutrient element for crop growth and development. In soil, the majority of phosphorus exists in the form of insoluble phosphates, making it inaccessible for direct absorption and utilization by plants. The soil harbors a vast number of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Screening highly efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can promote the transformation of phosphorus, improve soil quality, and facilitate plant growth. Methods: Separate microorganisms using the gradient dilution method, and purify and identify them. Evaluate the growth characteristics and phosphate-solubilizing ability of the strains. Results: A total of three highly efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were screened from the rhizosphere soil of rice, namely Enterobacter kobei C3, Pseudomonas putida P6, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa P12. Compared with Pseudomonas fluorescens PF, a commonly used commercial high-efficiency phosphate-solubilizing bacterium, P12 has a stronger ability to solubilize inorganic phosphorus (calcium phosphate), while C3 exhibits a stronger ability to solubilize organic phosphorus (calcium phytate (Ca-Phyt)). Finally, the mixed flora composed of the four phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can promote the growth of rice and enhance the phosphorus absorption of rice. Conclusion: This provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of microbial inoculants.