异化到异化劳动：马克思劳动异化理论的批判性重构

Alienation to Alienation of Labor: A Critical Reconstruction of Marx’s Theory of Alienation of Labor

摘要: 马克思在实现了向唯物主义转变的同时，也实现了向共产主义的转变，试图构建一种全新的科学世界观，即马克思主义哲学。在探索的过程中，马克思最初的主要理论成果就是《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中劳动异化理论的提出。马克思运用过往思想家的异化概念和异化理论作为其劳动异化理论重构的理论参照，形成其自己的劳动异化理论重构的经典理论文本，并对劳动异化理论进行了社会性分析与经济学哲学的解读。马克思劳动异化理论提出的伟大贡献既对唯物史观的形成奠定了理论基础和实践意义，也进一步阐明了只有在共产主义现实中消灭私有制的必要性和可能性，具有以往的旧哲学异化理论不可替代的批判性和超越性。

Abstract: Marx realized the transformation to materialism at the same time, but also realized the transformation to communism, trying to build a new scientific world view, namely Marxist philosophy. In the process of exploration, Marx’s first major theoretical achievement is the theory of alienation of labor put forward in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. Marx used the concept and theory of alienation in the past thinkers as the theoretical reference for the reconstruction of labor alienation theory, formed his own classic theoretical text of the reconstruction of labor alienation theory, and carried out social analysis and economic philosophy interpretation of labor alienation theory. The great contribution put forward by Marx’s theory of alienation of labor is that it lays the theoretical foundation and practical significance for the formation of historical materialism, and further clarifies the necessity and possibility of eliminating private property only in the communist reality, and has irreplaceable criticality and transcendence of the old philosophical theory of alienation.