论我国电子商务领域消费者个人信息司法救济的完善

On the Improvement of Judicial Remedies for Consumers’ Personal Information in the Field of E-Commerce in China

摘要: 在“互联网+”驱动下，电子商务迅猛发展，消费者个人信息成为关键资源，但其侵权问题频发。虽然我国颁布了《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》(PIPL)，但面对电商新业态，对侵权行为的司法救济仍然不足。本文剖析了电子商务领域消费者个人信息保护的必要性，点明侵权现状及危害，并且聚焦司法救济展开研究，指出当前存在侵权举证责任分配不合理、对证据证明力要求过高、司法惩戒力度较小等困境。鉴于此，本文提出针对性的完善路径，建议合理分配举证责任，引入举证责任倒置；放宽对消费者的举证证明力要求，推广“高度盖然性”标准；引入惩罚性赔偿规定，明确赔偿标准与挂钩因素，构建更完善的司法救济体系，保障消费者权益，推动电子商务持续健康发展，助力法治中国建设。

Abstract: Driven by “Internet+” initiative, e-commerce has been developing rapidly, with consumers' personal information becoming a critical resource. However, infringements of such information remain frequent. Although China has enacted the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (PIPL), judicial remedies for violations in the context of the evolving e-commerce industry remain insufficient. This paper analyzes the necessity of protecting consumers’ personal information in e-commerce, identifies the status quo and harm of infringements, and focuses on judicial relief mechanisms. It highlights several challenges: the unreasonable distribution of the burden of proof in infringement cases, excessively stringent evidentiary requirements, and inadequate judicial penalties. To address these issues, the paper proposes targeted improvements, including a rational reallocation of the burden of proof through the introduction of a burden-shifting mechanism; relaxation of evidentiary standards for consumers by adopting a “high probability” threshold; the introduction of punitive damages with clear compensation criteria and linked determining factors. These measures aim to establish a more comprehensive judicial relief system, safeguard consumer rights, promote sustainable and healthy development of e-commerce, and ultimately contribute to advancing the rule of law in China.