通辽地区支气管哮喘患者过敏原检测、FeNO、总IgE特点分析

Characterization Analysis of Allergen Detection, FeNO and Total IgE in Patients with Bronchial Asthma in Tongliao Area

摘要: 目的：探讨通辽地区支气管哮喘患者过敏原、呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)、血清总免疫球蛋E (IgE)等因素的特点。方法：选取2019年1月~2024年4月就诊于内蒙古民族大学附属医院的支气管哮喘患者共94例，采用过敏原检测仪检测患者过敏原、血清FeNO、总IgE的特点，为本地区哮喘的临床诊治及预防提供依据。结果：吸入性过敏原以豚草、艾蒿和苦艾最多，占37.0%；在食入性过敏原中，虾类、螃蟹类、扇贝类检出率最高，占11.1%。不同性别过敏原阳性率比较差异无显著性。在94名患有支气管哮喘的病人中，总共38例患者完成了FeNO的检测。38例支气管哮喘患者中，血清总IgE浓度 < 100 IU/mL的患者FeNO水平明显比血清总IgE浓度为100~200 IU/mL的患者低。结论：通辽地区以豚草、艾蒿和苦艾为主要的吸入性过敏原，虾、蟹和扇贝为主要的食入性过敏原。支气管哮喘成年病人的吸入性过敏原阳性率显著高于食物性过敏原。在过敏原阳性哮喘患者中，血清中的总IgE和FeNO之间存在着一种同向的变化。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the characteristics of allergens, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and serum total immune globule E (IgE) in patients with bronchial asthma in Tongliao area. Methods: A total of 94 patients with bronchial asthma admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University from January 2019 to April 2024 were selected. Allergen detector was used to detect the characteristics of allergens, serum FeNO and total IgE in the patients, providing evidence for the clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention of asthma in this region. Results: Ragweed, mugwort and absinthe were the most inhaled allergens, accounting for 37.0%. Among the ingestion allergens, shrimp, crab and scallop had the highest detection rate, accounting for 11.1%. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of different sex allergens. Of 94 patients with bronchial asthma, a total of 38 patients completed FeNO testing. In 38 patients with bronchial asthma, FeNO levels in patients with serum total IgE concentration < 100 IU/mL were significantly lower than those in patients with serum total IgE concentration of 100~200 IU/mL. Conclusion: Ragweed, mugwort and wormwood were the main inhalation allergens, and shrimp, crab and scallop were the main ingestion allergens in Tongliao area. The positive rate of inhalation allergens was significantly higher than that of food allergens in adult patients with bronchial asthma. In patients with allergen-positive asthma, there is a simultaneous change between total IgE and FeNO in the serum.