林业碳汇产权法律制度完善研究

Research on Perfecting the Legal System of Forestry Carbon Sink Property Rights

摘要: 伴随全球气候问题不断加剧，各国纷纷寻找降碳减排的路径，不仅通过提高技术水平、出台强制性法律法规及相关政策等方式降低工业、农业等高排放行业的碳排放量，还着手通过开发碳汇项目、开展碳配额与自愿交易减排量市场交易以中和大气中的温室气体，推动碳中和的实现。林业碳汇具有吸收并储存二氧化碳，减少大气中温室气体的功能，中国幅员辽阔，森林面积大，发展林业碳汇以减少碳排放、推动碳中和实现具有得天独厚的优势。林业碳汇交易开辟了减少降碳减排成本的新路径，将林业的生态价值转化为经济价值，符合可持续发展原则，也是应对气候变化的战略选择。然而林地产权与林业碳汇的权利界限并不明晰，林业碳汇流转制度不完备，现行有效的法律制度并未对林业碳汇产权做出详细规定，阻碍了碳交易的发展。立法机关应当加强顶层制度设计，完善林业碳汇产权法律制度体系，明确林业碳汇产权归属，明细林地产权与林业碳汇产权的界限，推动林业碳汇交易的繁荣发展，助力“双碳”目标的实现。

Abstract: As the global climate problem continues to intensify, countries are looking for ways to reduce carbon emissions. They not only reduce the carbon emissions of high-emission industries such as industry and agriculture by improving technology level, introducing mandatory laws and regulations and relevant policies, but also start to neutralize greenhouse gases in the atmosphere by developing carbon sink projects, carrying out carbon quota and voluntary trading in emission reduction markets. Drive carbon neutrality. Forestry carbon sink has the function of absorbing and storing carbon dioxide and reducing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. China has a vast territory and large forest area, so it has unique advantages to develop forestry carbon sink to reduce carbon emissions and promote carbon neutrality. Forestry carbon sink trading opens up a new path to reduce carbon and emission reduction costs, converts the ecological value of forestry into economic value, conforms to the principle of sustainable development, and is also a strategic choice to deal with climate change. However, the boundary between forest property rights and forestry carbon sinks is not clear, the forestry carbon sinks transfer system is not complete, and the current effective legal system does not make detailed provisions on forestry carbon sinks property rights, which hinders the development of carbon trading. The legislature should strengthen the top-level system design, improve the legal system of forestry carbon sink property rights, clarify the ownership of forestry carbon sink property rights, detail the boundary between forest land property rights and forestry carbon sink property rights, promote the prosperity and development of forestry carbon sink trading, and help realize the goal of “double carbon”.