一维粗糙管道非定常摩擦模型在高速列车隧道压缩波传播中的应用

Application of One-Dimensional Rough Pipe Unsteady Friction Model to Compression Wave Propagation in High-Speed Train Tunnel

摘要: 当列车高速驶入隧道时会引发强烈的非定常流动现象，列车进入隧道产生的初始压缩波在隧道内传播的过程类似于活塞在管道中的运动，产生的压缩波在隧道中的传播为非定常流动，本文以不同非定常摩擦模型研究了非定常流动时空气与管道壁面的摩擦，其中包括只存在定常摩擦力的定常摩擦效应和只存在非定常摩擦力的非定常摩擦效应，对比不同文献中的非定常摩擦模型，并根据隧道中的非定常摩擦现象确定压缩波传播过程中的摩擦参数。研究表明，定常摩擦系数越大，衰减效应越明显，并且对初始压缩波最大压力梯度越大的波形衰减越明显，非定常摩擦因子越大，传播过程带来的衰减效应越明显，也更能反映长距离传播积累的壁面瞬态摩擦力，模拟德国Eurwang隧道时，取定常摩擦系数0.015，非定常摩擦因子0.1，可以更好地模拟隧道壁面带来的衰减效应，并与实测数据对比得到了验证。该研究从隧道内空气与隧道壁面的定常与非定常流动研究得出了适用于高速列车进入隧道的压缩波传播摩擦模型，提高了压缩波传播程序的精度和正确性。

Abstract: When a train enters a tunnel at a high speed, it will cause strong unsteady flow phenomenon. The initial compression wave generated by the train entering the tunnel will propagate in the tunnel in a process similar to the movement of a piston in a pipeline, and the generated compression wave will propagate in the tunnel as unsteady flow. In this paper, different unsteady friction models are used to study the friction between air and the wall of the pipeline during unsteady flow. It includes the steady friction effect with only steady friction and the unsteady friction effect with only unsteady friction. The unsteady friction models in different literatures are compared, and the friction parameters in the process of compression wave propagation are determined according to the unsteady friction phenomena in the tunnel. The research shows that the larger the constant friction coefficient is, the more obvious the attenuation effect will be. In addition, the larger the maximum pressure gradient of the initial compression wave is, the more obvious the attenuation effect caused by the propagation process will be, and the more obvious the attenuation effect will be, which can better reflect the transient wall friction accumulated by long-distance propagation. When simulating the Eurwang tunnel in Germany, the steady friction coefficient of 0.015 and the unsteady friction factor of 0.1 can better simulate the attenuation effect caused by the tunnel wall, and the comparison with the measured data is verified. Based on the study of the steady and unsteady flow of air and tunnel wall, the friction model of compression wave propagation for high-speed train entering tunnel is obtained, which improves the accuracy and correctness of the compression wave propagation program.