浙江中烟选择性采烤对中部上等烟产出率的影响

China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial the Effect of Selective Harvesting on the Proportion Generated of Superior Leaves in the Middle of Flue-Cured Tobacco

摘要: 为进一步提高贵州烟叶对“利群”品牌的适配率、增强贵州烟叶原料对“利群”品牌的贡献度，浙江中烟在贵州德江县开展了选择性采烤试验，结果表明，采用选择性采烤亩用工成本和烘烤成本均低于正常采烤烟叶，以打顶后留叶20片，打顶后不进行不适用鲜烟叶处理，选择性采烤第6~15叶位烟叶，其他叶位烟叶自然成熟后作为不适用鲜烟叶再打掉的处理生产成本最低。进行选择性采烤的处理烟叶亩产量有所下降，但能提高上等烟和中部上等烟的比例，以打顶后留叶20片，打顶后及时打掉下部1~5叶位烟叶，作为不适用鲜烟叶进行处理，选择第6~17叶位烟叶进行采烤，顶部3片叶不进行采烤的处理种植收益最高，产值为4109.28元/667.67 m²；其中部叶和上部叶化学成分则较为适宜，吸食质量劲头适中，烟气浓度中等~中等+，质量档次在中等+~较好–水平，整体表现略优于对照处理。

Abstract: To further enhance the compatibility of Guizhou tobacco with the “Liqun” brand and improve its contribution to the brand’s raw material supply, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., Ltd. conducted a selective harvesting and curing experiment in Dejiang County, Guizhou Province. The results indicate that selective harvesting and curing methods reduce both labor and curing costs compared to conventional harvesting and curing practices. Among the tested treatments, the most cost-effective approach involved retaining 20 leaves per plant after topping, omitting the removal of unsuitable fresh tobacco immediately after topping, selectively harvesting and curing leaves from the 6th to the 15th leaf position, and discarding the remaining leaves as unsuitable fresh tobacco upon natural maturation. Although selective harvesting and curing resulted in a lower yield per unit area, it increased the proportion of high- and medium-grade tobacco. The treatment that retained 20 leaves per plant after topping, promptly removed the lower 1~5 leaves as unsuitable fresh tobacco, selectively harvested and cured leaves from the 6th to the 17^th position, and excluded the top three leaves from curing achieved the highest yield, with an output value of 4,109.28 yuan per 666.67 m². Additionally, the chemical composition of selectively harvested middle and upper leaves was more favorable. Smoking quality and impact were classified as moderate, with smoke concentration ranging from medium to medium+, and quality grades varying from medium+ to better-. Overall, the selectively harvested tobacco exhibited slightly superior performance compared to the control treatment.