大五人格与多维社会网络的关系：友谊网络与社会支持网络的对比研究

The Relationship between Big Five Personality Traits and Multi-Dimensional Social Networks: A Comparative Analysis of Friendship and Social Support Networks

摘要: 人格特质在塑造个体社会关系网络及其在网络中的角色方面具有重要作用。本研究结合社会资本理论与社交网络分析方法，探讨了大五人格(外向性、开放性、宜人性、尽责性、神经质)与两类社会关系(友谊网络与社会支持网络)之间的关联。研究发现：(1) 在两类网络中，外向性、开放性、宜人性、尽责性与度中心度和特征向量中心度显著正相关，与神经质显著负相关；(2) 局部聚类系数与外向性、开放性、宜人性、尽责性显著负相关，与神经质显著正相关；(3) 外向性、开放性等正面人格特质在友谊网络中显著预测个体的桥梁角色(中介中心度)，但该效应在社会支持网络中不明显。本研究揭示了不同人格特质在多维社会网络中的作用机制，为心理学、教育学及社会干预实践提供了多层次的理论支持与应用价值。

Abstract: Personality traits play a vital role in shaping individuals’ social networks and their positions within these networks. Integrating Social Capital Theory and Social Network Analysis, this study examines the associations between the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism) and two types of social networks: friendship and social support networks. The findings indicate that: (1) in both networks, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are positively related to degree centrality and eigenvector centrality, while negatively correlated with neuroticism; (2) local clustering coefficient is negatively correlated with extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, but positively associated with neuroticism; (3) positive personality traits, such as extraversion and openness, predict individuals’ bridging roles (betweenness centrality) in friendship networks, but such effects are less prominent in social support networks. This study highlights the mechanisms through which personality traits influence multi-dimensional social networks, providing theoretical insights and practical implications for psychology, education, and social interventions.