完美主义对职场倦怠的影响研究：社会比较和心理健康的链式中介反应

Research on the Influence of Perfectionism on Job Burnout: The Chain Mediating Reactions of Social Comparison and Mental Health

摘要: 在现代职场环境中，完美主义作为一种个体特质，已经成为影响员工心理健康和工作表现的重要因素。完美主义常常与压力、焦虑、抑郁等负面心理状态相关联，而这些心理问题又容易演变成职场倦怠。本研究采用《职业倦怠通用量表》《心理健康抑郁–焦虑–压力量表》《多维完美主义量表》和《社会比较量表》对1209名职场人士进行线上问卷调查，共收回有效问卷1178份，运用SPSS26.0对量表进行一致性检验、描述性统计、因子分析的适应性检验、对样本数据进行因子分析，计算4个维度量表综合得分，将4个综合得分作为新变量进行后续相关性分析以及多元回归，采用Bootstrap法对链式中介模型及中介效应进行验证，研究结果如下：(1) 完美主义倾向会增加个体进行社会比较的倾向。社会比较在完美主义与职场倦怠之间起到部分中介作用。(2) 完美主义倾向会增加焦虑、抑郁等心理健康问题的程度。完美主义倾向较高的个体更容易体验到职场倦怠，表现为情感耗竭、缺乏成就感和对工作对象的冷漠和疏远。(3) 完美主义倾向对心理健康的影响会间接影响个体在职场上的倦怠水平。(4) 完美主义对职业倦怠有显著的正向影响，这种影响通过直接效应和间接效应共同发挥作用。

Abstract: In the modern workplace environment, perfectionism, as an individual trait, has become an important factor influencing employees’ mental health and work performance. Perfectionism is often associated with negative psychological states such as stress, anxiety and depression, and these psychological problems can easily evolve into workplace burnout. This study adopted the “General Burnout Scale”, the “Mental Health Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale”, the “Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale” and the “Social Comparison Scale” to conduct an online questionnaire survey among 1209 working professionals. A total of 1178 valid questionnaires were collected. SPSS 26.0 was used to conduct consistency tests on the scales, descriptive statistics, adaptability tests for factor analysis, factor analysis on sample data, calculation of the comprehensive scores of the four-dimensional scales, and taking the four comprehensive scores as new variables for subsequent correlation analysis, multiple regression, and using the Bootstrap method to verify the chain mediation model and mediation effects. The research results are as follows: (1) The tendency of perfectionism will increase an individual’s tendency to make social comparisons. Social comparison plays a partial mediating role between perfectionism and workplace burnout. (2) The tendency of perfectionism will increase the degree of mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. Individuals with a higher tendency of perfectionism are more likely to experience workplace burnout, manifested as emotional exhaustion, a lack of sense of accomplishment, and indifference and alienation towards work objects. (3) The impact of the tendency of perfectionism on mental health will indirectly affect an individual’s burnout level in the workplace. (4) Perfectionism has a significant positive impact on job burnout, and this impact is exerted through both direct and indirect effects.