高速列车明线运行流场结构与阻力特征研究

Research on the Flow Field Structure and Resistance Characteristics of High-Speed Trains Operating in Open Air

摘要: 随着我国高速列车运行速度的持续提升，空气动力学问题对列车动力性能及能耗的影响日益显著。本研究基于IDDES湍流模拟方法，结合三维CFD软件，针对350 km/h高速列车在明线条件下的空气动力学特性展开数值模拟，重点解析其流场演变规律与阻力分布特征。通过构建1:1标准动车组模型，分析了列车周围速度场、压力场及涡结构的分布规律，并探讨了各车厢与部件的阻力贡献。结果表明：列车压差阻力占总阻力的80%；各车厢中，头、尾车阻力占比最大(分别为21.73%和16.06%)；各部件中车体和转向架空气阻力所占比例较高。研究揭示了高速列车空气阻力的分布机制，为气动减阻设计与能耗优化提供了理论依据。

Abstract: With the continuous improvement of the operating speed of high-speed trains in China, the impact of aerodynamic problems on the power performance and energy consumption of trains is becoming increasingly significant. This study is based on the IDDES turbulence simulation method, combined with the three-dimensional CFD software STAR CCM+, to numerically simulate the aerodynamic characteristics of a 350 km/h high-speed train under open track conditions, with a focus on analyzing its flow field evolution and resistance distribution characteristics. By constructing a 1:1 standard high-speed train model, the distribution patterns of velocity field, pressure field, and vortex structure around the train were analyzed, and the resistance contributions of each carriage and component were explored. The results show that the differential pressure resistance of the train accounts for 80% of the total resistance; Among the carriages, the head and tail cars have the highest proportion of resistance (21.73% and 16.06% respectively); The proportion of air resistance in the body and bogie of each component is relatively high. The study reveals the distribution mechanism of air resistance in high-speed trains, providing a theoretical basis for aerodynamic drag reduction design and energy consumption optimization.