便携式PCR实时光电检测系统设计

The Design of a Portable PCR Real-Time Optical Detection System

摘要: 针对传统荧光聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR)检测仪操作复杂、体积大、成本高的问题，设计了一款便携式实时荧光检测设备。该设备集光机电一体化，集成度高。光学系统基于Zemax光学设计软件优化，光能利用率可达90%以上。硬件电路以CH32V305FPB6芯片为主控，光源功率输出稳定，外围信号处理电路精度和采样信噪比高。结合Solidworks软件进行机械设计，将光学与电路系统集成，体积仅4.1 cm × 3 cm × 2 cm，可单独使用或集成于其他设备。经乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)样品测试，可快速准确判断阳性，经过高中低浓度样品检测测试10次变异系数CV值分别为0.01%、0.07%、0.62%，均小于国家标准的2%，线性实验相关系数为0.998，检测重复性和线性度好，具有良好应用前景。

Abstract: Aiming to address the issues of complex operation, large size, and high cost associated with traditional fluorescence Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) detection instruments, we have developed a portable real-time fluorescence detection device. This device integrates optics, mechanics, and electronics, achieving a high level of integration. The optical system is optimized using Zemax software, resulting in an optical efficiency exceeding 90%. The hardware circuit employs the CH32V305FPB6 chip as the main controller, ensuring stable light source power output and high precision in peripheral signal processing circuits with excellent signal-to-noise ratios. Mechanical design is conducted using SolidWorks software, integrating the optical and circuit systems into a compact unit measuring only 4.1 cm × 3 cm × 2 cm, which can function independently or be integrated into other devices. Testing with hepatitis B virus (HBV) samples demonstrates rapid and accurate positive detection. When testing samples at high, medium, and low concentrations, the coefficients of variation (CV) for ten repeated tests are 0.01%, 0.07%, and 0.62%, respectively, all below the national standard of 2%, and the linear experiment correlation coefficient was 0.998, indicating excellent detection repeatability and linearity. This device holds promising application prospects.