体外循环下心脏术后急性肾损伤研究进展

Advances in Research on Acute Kidney Injury Following Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass

摘要: 体外循环(CPB)是心脏外科手术的基本工具，是直视心脏手术的必要条件。而CPB相关的急性肾损伤(AKI)是其最常见且严重的并发症之一，往往显著增加术后的并发症发生率、死亡率及医疗费用，并对患者的长期生活质量造成深远影响。AKI的诊断常存在滞后性，而且其对多个系统的影响较为复杂，因此如何有效管理这一疾病，仍然是临床面临的重要挑战。本文对体外循环术后AKI诊疗进展进行综述，旨在为临床优化管理策略及未来研究方向提供理论依据。

Abstract: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a fundamental tool in cardiac surgery and an essential condition for open-heart operations. However, acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with CPB is one of the most common and severe complications, often significantly increasing postoperative complication rates, mortality, medical costs, and having a profound impact on patients’ long-term quality of life. The diagnosis of AKI is often delayed, and its effects on multiple systems are relatively complex. Therefore, how to effectively manage this condition remains a significant clinical challenge. This article reviews the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of AKI following CPB, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing clinical management strategies and future research directions.