沂河鲤形态特征、染色体核型及两种同工酶的电泳分析

Morphological Characteristics, Chromosome Karyotype and Electrophoretic Analysis of Two Isozymes in Cyprinus carpio

摘要: 研究沂河鲤外部形态特征、染色体核型及同工酶表达特性，为其种质标准制定提供理论依据。采集30尾野生沂河鲤样本，对其外形特征、可数可量性状、染色体数目及核型以及肌肉及脾脏中两种同工酶(LDH和MDH)进行了分析测定，结果表明：1) 沂河鲤的主要形态特征：体呈纺锤形，头较小，口亚下位，呈马蹄形，须两对，颌须一对。身体两侧鳞片金黄色且腹部呈白色，尾柄金黄色，背鳍、胸鳍灰色，腹鳍由灰白色渐变到红色，臀鳍由黄色渐变到红色，尾鳍由灰色渐变到红色。鳍式为背鳍D.III：15~19和臀鳍A.III：5；齿式为1∙1∙3/3∙1∙1；左侧第一鳃弓外侧鳃耙数为19~23。2) 野生沂河鲤染色体数目为2n = 100，染色体核型公式为：22 m + 30 sm + 28 t + 20 st，染色体臂数(NF) = 152。3) 沂河鲤的肌肉和脾脏中的LDH酶带条数分别为2条和5条；脾脏和肌肉MDH分为上清液型MDH (s-MDH)和线粒体型MDH (m-MDH)，其中m-MDH在两种组织中都存在，但是s-MDH1在肌肉中未检测到活性。本研究获得了沂河鲤外形特征、染色体核型及两种同工酶表达的特性，为其种质标准的制定提供了数据支撑。

Abstract: This study investigates the external morphological characteristics, chromosome karyotype and isozyme expression characteristics of Cyprinus carpio in the Yi River, providing a theoretical basis for the formulation of its germplasm standards. Thirty wild Yi River Carp samples were collected for analysis of their morphological traits, countable and measurable characteristics, chromosome number and karyotype, as well as two isozymes (LDH and MDH) in muscle and spleen tissues. The results indicated: 1) The major morphological characteristics of the Yi River Carp were spindle-shaped with a small head and round abdomen. Its horseshoe-shaped mouth was located at the foremost part of the head with two pairs of barbels and one pair of maxillary barbels. Scales on body side were golden yellow while the abdomen was white. The caudal peduncle is golden yellow, the dorsal and pectoral fins are gray, the pelvic fin transitions from grayish-white to red, the anal fin transitions from yellow to red, and the caudal fin transitions from gray to red. Furthermore, the dorsal fin formula was D.III: 15~19 and anal fin A.III: 5. The dental formula was 1∙1∙3/3∙1∙1 while the number of outer gill racker on the left first gill arch was 19~23. 2) The study on karyotype showed that the chromosome number was 2 n = 100, chromosome formula was 22 m + 30 sm + 28 t + 20 st, arm count (NF) was 152. 3) The LDH enzyme bands in the muscle and spleen of Yi River Carp are 2 and 5 bands respectively; MDH in the spleen and muscle is divided into supernatant MDH (s-MDH) and mitochondrial MDH (m-MDH), where m-MDH is present in both tissues, but s-MDH1 activity was not detected in the muscle. This experiment obtained the characteristics of the external morphology, chromosome karyotype and the expression of two isozymes of the Cyprinus carpio in the Yi River, providing data support for the formulation of its germplasm standards.