马斯洛需求层次理论视域下精神疾病患者职业康复训练分析

Analysis of Vocational Rehabilitation Training for Patients with Mental Illness from the Perspective of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory

摘要: 随着我国精神疾病患者数量逐年上升，其社会功能康复成为亟待解决的公共卫生问题。本研究基于马斯洛需求层次理论，系统探讨职业康复训练对精神疾病患者多层次需求的满足路径及康复效能。研究表明，职业康复训练通过生活自理训练、职业评估与情绪干预、开展职业社交技能训练、培养患者独立能力、依兴趣培训并给予反馈鼓励等多种方式，可有效满足患者生理、安全、社交、尊重及自我实现需求。分析显示，此类训练能够显著改善患者社会功能缺陷评分(SDSS)，提升生活质量与就业率。本文提出分层干预策略，强调个性化康复计划与社会支持网络相结合，为优化精神疾病患者康复模式提供新思路。

Abstract: With the number of patients with mental illness in China increasing year by year, the rehabilitation of their social functions has become an urgent public health problem to be solved. Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, this study systematically explores the satisfaction path and rehabilitation efficacy of the multilevel needs of patients with mental disorders. The study shows that vocational rehabilitation training can effectively meet patients’ physiological, safety, social interaction, respect and self-realization needs through self-care training, occupational assessment and emotional intervention, occupational social skills training, cultivating patients’ independent ability, interest training and feedback and encouragement. The analysis shows that such training can significantly improve patients’ social function defect score (SDSS), improve the quality of life and employment rate. This paper proposes stratified intervention strategies, emphasizing the combination of personalized rehabilitation program and social support network, and provides new ideas for optimizing the rehabilitation model of patients with mental illness.