数字化环境监测、技术创新与企业就业——基于A股制造业上市公司的实证检验

Digital Environment Monitoring, Technological Innovation and Enterprise Employment—Empirical Evidence Based on A-Share Manufacturing Listed Companies

摘要: 随着全球环境污染问题日益严重，数字化环境监测成为推动可持续发展的关键路径。本文以2009~2023年沪深A股上市制造业公司为样本，通过构建双重差分模型，以2009年起每年公布的《国家重点监控企业名单》作为准自然实验，探讨了数字化环境监测对企业就业的影响。结果表明：(1) 数字化环境监测在促进就业方面具有显著的正向作用，这一结论在经过倾向得分匹配、更换变量等一系列稳健性检验后依然成立；(2) 机制分析显示，数字技术创新与绿色低碳技术创新是数字化环境监测推动就业增长的关键所在；(3) 异质性结果表明，数字化环境监测对中、小规模企业及民营企业的就业规模有更显著的促进作用。

Abstract: With the increasingly serious problem of global environmental pollution, digital environmental monitoring has become a key path to promote sustainable development. Taking the Shanghai-Shenzhen A-share listed manufacturing companies from 2009 to 2023 as the sample, this paper discusses the impact of digital environmental monitoring on enterprise employment through the quasi-natural experiment and the List of National Key Monitoring Enterprises published annually since 2009. The results show that: (1) digital environment monitoring has a significantly positive role in promoting employment, which is established after a series of robustness tests such as tendency score matching and changing variables; (2) mechanism analysis shows that digital technology innovation and green low-carbon technology innovation are the key to promoting employment growth; (3) the heterogeneity results show that digital environmental monitoring has a more significant role in promoting the employment scale of medium-sized and small-scale enterprises and private enterprises.