抑制风力发电波动的氢混合储能系统分段动态控制策略

Segmented Dynamic Control Strategy for Hydrogen Hybrid Energy Storage System to Suppress Fluctuations in Wind Power Generation

摘要: 氢能作为一种高效且清洁的能源，在用于储能时相较于传统化学蓄电池具有显著的容量优势。为抑制风力发电波动，文章建立了由超级电容、蓄电池、氢燃料电池和氢电解槽组成的氢混合储能系统(Hybrid Energy Storage System, HESS)，并针对此混合储能系统提出了一种基于荷电状态(State of Charge, SOC)的分段动态控制策略。该策略首先通过低通滤波算法将波动功率分解为高频、中频和低频部分，并由不同储能单元分别进行抑制。在此基础上，分段动态控制策略在混合储能系统处于正常充放电区间时，采用SOC自适应功率分配，以保持各储能单元的SOC处于相近水平；而当混合储能系统可用补偿容量处于过高或过低的非正常充放电区间时，则应用极限状态下SOC功率分配策略，以延长波动抑制时间，减少混合储能系统停机时长。最后基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建了风力发电系统和混合储能系统仿真模型，验证了所提分段动态控制策略的可行性和有效性。

Abstract: Hydrogen energy, as an efficient and clean energy source, has significant capacity advantages over traditional chemical batteries when used for energy storage. In order to suppress the fluctuation of wind power generation, this paper establishes a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) consisting of a supercapacitor, battery, hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen electrolyser, and proposes a segmented dynamic control strategy based on State of Charge (SOC) for this hybrid energy storage system. The strategy firstly decomposes the fluctuating power into high-frequency, medium-frequency and low-frequency parts through a low-pass filtering algorithm, and suppresses them by different energy storage units respectively. On this basis, the segmented dynamic control strategy uses SOC adaptive power allocation to keep the SOC of each storage unit at a similar level when the hybrid energy storage system is in the normal charging/discharging interval; and applies the SOC power allocation strategy in the limit state when the available compensation capacity of the hybrid energy storage system is in the non-normal charging/discharging interval which is either too high or too low to prolong the fluctuation suppression time and to reduce the downtime of the hybrid energy storage system. Finally, a simulation model of a wind power generation system and hybrid energy storage system is constructed based on MATLAB/Simulink to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed segmented dynamic control strategy.