湘西地区家长对儿童接种流感疫苗的意愿及影响因素研究

A Study on Parents’ Willingness to Vaccinate Their Children against Influenza and Influencing Factors in the Xiangxi Region

摘要: 目的：本研究旨在评估湖南湘西地区儿童家长对流感和流感疫苗的知识及为自己子女接种流感疫苗的意愿，并确定湖南湘西地区儿童家长为子女接种流感疫苗的影响因素。方法：从2022年9月至2022年11月，在湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州采用分层抽样的方法，利用结构化问卷，进行了横断面研究。问卷涉及儿童家长人口统计学信息、儿童家长对流感和流感疫苗的知识以及拒绝为子女接种流感疫苗的原因。结果：共有626名儿童家长参与了本次调查，其中35~44岁(45.4%)、本科及以上学历(31.3%)的儿童家长占多数，年龄、受教育水平、家庭月收入与流感疫苗接种意愿显著相关(P < 0.05)。参与调查的儿童家长拒绝为子女接种流感疫苗的原因主要是“没有必要每年都接种流感疫苗”和“我太忙了，没有时间给子女接种流感疫苗”。流感疫苗接种意愿与年龄(OR 0.925; 95% CI: [0.899~0.952])，团体或同伴效应(OR 4.411; 95% CI: [2.151~9.048])，免疫程序(OR 1.788; 95% CI: [1.233~2.595])和免疫接种史(OR 1.518; 95% CI: [1.252~1.841])，流感疫苗接种的安全性和有效性(OR 1.522; 95% CI: [1.128~2.052])，流感疫苗接种的便利性(OR 1.440; 95% CI: [1.126~1.842])显著相关。结论：湘西地区的儿童家长给子女接种流感疫苗持积极态度，但其对流感和流感疫苗的认知水平还有待提高。为子女接种流感疫苗的影响因素有：年龄、家庭月收入、受教育水平、团队效应、免疫程序、免疫接种史及流感疫苗的安全性、有效性和便利性。最常见拒绝为子女接种流感疫苗的原因包括：“没必要”及“繁忙”。

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of children’s parents about influenza and influenza vaccine and their willingness to get influenza vaccine for their own children, and to determine the factors influencing children’s parents to get influenza vaccine for their children in Xiangxi, Hunan Province. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province, from September 2022 to November 2022 using stratified sampling and a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire addressed information on child parent demographics, child parent knowledge of influenza and influenza vaccine, and reasons for refusing to immunize their children against influenza. Results: A total of 626 children’s parents participated in the survey, of which those aged 35~44 (45.4%) and with bachelor’s degree or above (31.3%) accounted for the majority of the children’s parents, and age, education level, and monthly household income were significantly correlated with the willingness to receive influenza vaccination (P < 0.05). The reasons why parents refused to have their children vaccinated against influenza were mainly “it is not necessary to have the influenza vaccine every year” and “I am too busy to give my child the influenza vaccine”. Influenza vaccination intentions were associated with age (OR 0.925; 95% CI: [0.899~0.952]), group or peer effect (OR 4.411; 95% CI: [2.151~9.048]), immunization program (OR 1.788; 95% CI: [1.233~2.595]), and immunization history (OR 1.518; 95% CI: [1.252~1.841]), safety and efficacy of influenza vaccination (OR 1.522; 95% CI: [1.128~2.052]), and convenience of influenza vaccination (OR 1.440; 95% CI: [1.126~1.842]) were significantly associated. Conclusion: Parents of children in western Hunan have a positive attitude toward vaccinating their children against influenza, but the level of knowledge about influenza and influenza vaccine needs to be improved. Factors affecting children’s influenza vaccination included age, monthly family income, education level, team effect, immunization procedures, immunization history, and the safety, efficacy, and convenience of the influenza vaccine. The most common reasons for refusing to vaccinate their children included “not necessary” and “busy”.